*Restless leg syndrome (RLS* ☝ *Today about*☝ Definition Restless leg syndrome (RLS) or Willis-Ekbom disease(WED) is a common cause of painful legs. The leg pain of restless leg syndrome typically eases with motion of the legs and becomes more noticeable at rest. Restless leg syndrome also features worsening of symptoms and leg pain during the early evening or later at night. Restless leg syndrome Restless leg syndrome is often abbreviated RLS; it has also been termed shaking leg syndrome. Night time involuntary jerking of the legs during sleep is also known as periodic leg/limb movement disorder. History The first known medical description of RLS was by Sir Thomas Willis in 1672. Willis emphasized the sleep disruption and limb movements experienced by people with RLS. Initially published in Latin (De Anima Brutorum, 1672) but later translated to English (The London Practice of Physick, 1685), The term “fidgets in the legs” has also been used as early as the early nineteenth century. Subsequently, other descriptions of RLS were published, including those by Francois Boissier de Sauvages (1763), Magnus Huss (1849), Theodur Wittmaack (1861), George Miller Beard (1880), Georges Gilles de la Tourette (1898), Hermann Oppenheim (1923) and Frederick Gerard Allison (1943). However, it was not until almost three centuries after Willis, in 1945, that Karl-Axel Ekbom (1907–1977) provided a detailed and comprehensive report of this condition in his doctoral thesis, Restless legs: clinical study of hitherto overlooked disease. Ekbom coined the term “restless legs” and continued work on this disorder throughout his career. He described the essential diagnostic symptoms, differential diagnosis from other conditions, prevalence, relation to anemia, and common occurrence during pregnancy. Epidemiology Except perhaps in Asian populations, RLS is a common disorder, occurring in about 10% of the population. The age-adjusted prevalence of RLS determined by telephone interviews in a random population of 1803 adults in Kentucky was 10%. A Canadian survey of 2019 adults estimated the prevalence of RLS symptoms at 17% for women and 13% for men. A population-based survey in West Pomerania, Germany, of 4107 subjects found an overall 10.6% prevalence. Using standardized questions in face-to-face interviews, Rothdach et al. reported an overall prevalence of 9.8% in 369 participants ages 65-83 years in Augsburg, Germany. In a study from Japan, 4612 participants living in urban residential areas were assessed for a single symptom of RLS by a self-administered questionnaire of the following two items: (1) Have you ever been told you jerk your legs or kick sometimes and (2) have you ever experienced sleep disturbance due to a creeping sensation or hot feeling in your legs? The prevalence of RLS ranged from 3% in women ages 20-29 years to 7% in women ages 50-59 years and correlated with age. In contrast to the first three studies, RLS had a higher prevalence in men than women, with the difference reaching significance in those 40-49 years old; in men there was no positive correlation with age. Face-to-face interviews of 157 consecutive individuals ages 55 years and older participating in a health screening program and 1000 consecutive individuals ages 21 years and older from a primary health care center in Singapore yielded much lower prevalence data. Using IRLSSG criteria, the prevalence of RLS in this predominantly Asian population was 0.6% in the older (1 male) and 0.1% (1 female) in the younger cohorts. In the Kentucky and Singapore studies, there was no gender difference; however, in the two German studies, the prevalence was higher in women and in the Japanese study it was higher in men. The Canadian study reported a significantly higher occurrence of bedtime leg restlessness in women. Types Restless legs syndrome (RLS) can be either primary or secondary, and the causes vary. Primary RLS is a neurological disorder. Although the majority of people with RLS begin to experience symptoms in their middle years, some may have signs of the problem in childhood. Their symptoms may slowly progress for years before becoming a regular occurrence. Secondary RLS tends to be more severe than the primary type and stems from another underlying condition, including the following: Anemia or low blood-iron levels Folate deficiency Nerve damage due to diabetes or other conditions Kidney disease or dialysis Attention deficit disorder (ADD) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Pregnancy Rheumatoid arthritis Parkinson’s disease Risk factors RLS/WED can develop at any age, even during childhood. The disorder is more common with increasing age and more common in women than in men. Restless legs syndrome usually isn’t related to a serious underlying medical problem. However, RLS/WED sometimes accompanies other conditions, such as: Peripheral neuropathy: This damage to the nerves in your hands and feet is sometimes due to chronic diseases such as diabetes and alcoholism. Iron deficiency: Even without anemia, iron deficiency can cause or worsen RLS/WED. If you have a history of bleeding from your stomach or bowels, experience heavy menstrual periods or repeatedly donate blood, you may have iron deficiency. Kidney failure: If you have kidney failure, you may also have iron deficiency, often with anemia. When kidneys don’t function properly, iron stores in your blood can decrease. This, with other changes in body chemistry, may cause or worsen RLS/WED. Causes The cause of restless leg syndrome is unknown in most people. However, restless leg syndrome has been associated with Pregnancy, Obesity, Smoking, Iron deficiency and anemia, Nerve disease, Polyneuropathy (which can be associated with hypothyroidism, heavy metal toxicity, toxins, and many other conditions), Other hormone diseases such as diabetes, and Kidney failure (which can be associated with vitamin and mineral deficiency). Some drugs and medications have been associated with restless leg syndrome including: Caffeine, Alcohol, H2-histamine blockers (such as ranitidine [Zantac] and cimetidine [Tagamet]), and certain antidepressants (such as amitriptyline [Elavil, Endep]). Occasionally, restless leg syndrome run in families. Recent studies have shown that restless leg syndrome appears to become more common as a person ages. Also, poor venous circulation of the legs (such as with varicose veins) can cause restless leg syndrome. Symptoms The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group described the following symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS): Strange itching, tingling, or “crawling” sensations occurring deep within the legs; these sensations may also occur in the arms. A compelling urge to move the limbs to relieve these sensations Restlessness — floor pacing, tossing and turning in bed, rubbing the legs Symptoms may occur only with lying down or sitting. Sometimes, persistent symptoms worsen while lying down or sitting and improve with activity. In very severe cases, the symptoms may not improve with activity. Other symptoms of RLS include the following: Sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness Involuntary, repetitive, periodic, jerking limb movements that occur either in sleep or while awake and at rest; these movements are called periodic leg movements of sleep or periodic limb movement disorder. Up to 90% of people with RLS also have this condition. In some people with RLS, the symptoms do not occur every night but come and go. These people may go weeks or months without symptoms (remission) before the symptoms return again. Complications Restless legs syndrome rarely results in any serious consequences. However, in some cases severe and persistent symptoms can cause considerable mental distress, chronic insomnia, and daytime sleepiness. In addition, since restless legs syndrome (RLS) is worse when resting, people with severe RLS may avoid daily activities that involve long periods of sitting, such as going to movies or traveling long distances. Diagnosis and test There’s no single test for diagnosing restless legs syndrome. A diagnosis will be based on your symptoms, your medical and family history, a physical examination, and your test results. Your GP should be able to diagnose restless legs syndrome, but they may refer you to a neurologist if there’s any uncertainty. There are four main criteria your GP or specialist will look for to confirm a diagnosis. These are: an overwhelming urge to move your legs, usually with an uncomfortable sensation such as itching or tingling your symptoms occur or get worse when you’re resting or inactive your symptoms are relieved by moving your legs or rubbing them your symptoms are worse during the evening or at night Blood tests Your GP may refer you for blood tests to confirm or rule out possible underlying causes of restless legs syndrome. For example, you may have blood tests to rule out conditions such as anaemia, diabetes and kidney function problems. It’s particularly important to find out the levels of iron in your blood because low iron levels can sometimes cause secondary restless legs syndrome. Low iron levels can be treated with iron tablets. Sleep tests If you have restless legs syndrome and your sleep is being severely disrupted, sleep tests such as a suggested immobilisation test may be recommended. The test involves lying on a bed for a set period of time without moving your legs while any involuntary leg movements are monitored. Occasionally, polysomnography may be recommended. This is a test that measures your breathing rate, brain waves and heartbeat throughout the course of a night. The results will confirm whether you have periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS). Treatment and medications Treatment for RLS is targeted at easing symptoms. In people with mild to moderate restless legs syndrome, lifestyle changes, such as beginning a regular exercise program, establishing regular sleep patterns, and eliminating or decreasing the use of caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco, may be helpful. Treatment of an RLS-associated condition also may provide relief of symptoms. Other non-drug RLS treatments may include: Leg massages Hot baths or heating pads or ice packs applied to the legs Good sleep habits A vibrating pad called Relaxis Medications may be helpful as RLS treatments, but the same drugs are not helpful for everyone. In fact, a drug that relieves symptoms in one person may worsen them in another. In other cases, a drug that works for a while may lose its effectiveness over time. Drugs used to treat RLS include: Dopaminergic drugs, which act on the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. Mirapex, Neupro, and Requip are FDA-approved for treatment of moderate to severe RLS. Others, such as levodopa, may also be prescribed. Benzodiazepines, a class of sedative medications, may be used to help with sleep, but they can cause daytime drowsiness. Narcotic pain relievers may be used for severe pain. Anticonvulsants, or antiseizure drugs, such as Tegretol, Lyrica, Neurontin, and Horizant. Although there is no cure for restless legs syndrome, current treatments can help control the condition, decrease symptoms, and improve sleep. Lifestyle and home remedies Making simple lifestyle changes can help alleviate symptoms of RLS/WED. Try baths and massages: Soaking in a warm bath and massaging your legs can relax your muscles. Apply warm or cool packs: Use of heat or cold, or alternating use of the two, may lessen your limb sensations. Try relaxation techniques: such as meditation or yoga. Stress can aggravate RLS/WED. Learn to relax, especially before bedtime. Establish good sleep hygiene: Fatigue tends to worsen symptoms of RLS/WED, so it’s important that you practice good sleep hygiene. Ideally, have a cool, quiet, comfortable sleeping environment; go to bed and rise at the same time daily; and get adequate sleep. Some people with RLS/WED find that going to bed later and rising later in the day helps in getting enough sleep. Exercise: Getting moderate, regular exercise may relieve symptoms of RLS/WED, but overdoing it or working out too late in the day may intensify symptoms. Avoid caffeine: Sometimes cutting back on caffeine may help restless legs. Try to avoid caffeine-containing products, including chocolate and caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea and soft drinks, for a few weeks to see if this helps.

Friends today I am discussing about a very serious problem most of the peoples have on change of weather. As weather is changing in these days here value of the content is important. Topic is Allergic bronchitis. Bronchitis is an inflammation in the lining of the bronchial tubes. These tubes in the lung carry air into the lungs from the mouth and nose. The swelling narrows the airway causing a cough and may make breathing more difficult. The irritation can also lead to increased production of mucus, which blocks the airway. Bronchitis can be classified as either allergic, non-allergic, or asthmatic, depending on its cause. Although the symptoms of bronchitis are similar regardless of the cause, there may also be differences, especially in how long a person will feel the effects of the condition. What is allergic bronchitis? Allergic bronchitis Allergic bronchitis occurs when an allergen inflamed the lining of the bronchial tubes. Allergic bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchi caused by an allergen, or something to which you are allergic. Airway irritants, such as pollen, dust, and mold, can trigger symptoms. Cigarette smoking almost always causes allergic bronchitis. The symptoms of allergic bronchitis may last for a long time or keep recurring. Allergic bronchitis that lasts longer than three months is often called chronic bronchitis. This is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic bronchitis is almost always caused by cigarette smoking. Symptoms of allergic bronchitis include: a cough that produces mucus wheezing chest tightness tiredness Bronchitis can also lead to complications. For example, lung infection, such as pneumonia, can occur. In the most severe cases, pneumonia can lead to an infection in the bloodstream called septicemia. Septicemia is often life-threatening. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Click here to learn more about COPD. READ NOW Non-allergic bronchitis Non-allergic bronchitis occurs because of a viral or bacterial infection. For example, some people develop non-allergic bronchitis after a cold. Although anyone can develop non-allergic bronchitis, older adults have a higher risk of experiencing the condition. People with weakened immune systems and those who smoke also have a higher chance of developing bronchitis after an upper airway infection. Symptoms often improve within a few weeks and are less likely to recur than the symptoms of allergic bronchitis. Non-allergic bronchitis is sometimes called acute bronchitis, as symptoms may onset suddenly and are typically brief. Symptoms of non-allergic bronchitis might include: a cough that produces mucus chills fever What is asthmatic bronchitis? Asthmatic bronchitis Asthmatic bronchitis can occur in people who already have asthma as an underlying condition. Like bronchitis, asthma is a lung condition that can cause breathing difficulties. Asthma can also cause inflammation of the bronchi, but can also lead to narrowing of the muscles around the airways. When bronchitis and asthma occur together, and symptoms overlap, the condition is often known as asthmatic bronchitis. Inflammation that triggers symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis might occur in someone who has underlying asthma after exposure to certain substances, such as pollen, pollution, and cigarette smoke. Some people also develop asthmatic bronchitis because of a change in weather or exercise routine. People with asthmatic bronchitis respond to these environmental triggers by releasing leukotrienes. These are inflammatory molecules. Leukotrienes cause a series of reactions, including narrowing of the airway. Symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis may include: coughing excess mucus production wheezing shortness of breath Diagnosis A doctor will diagnose allergic bronchitis based on several factors. They will review the medical history of the individual with suspected allergic bronchitis, as well as perform a physical exam, usually ask questions to determine how long symptoms have been occurring. The physician may use a chest X-ray to rule out some other causes of breathing problems, such as pneumonia. They may also request blood tests to help determine if an infection is present. The patient may also receive a pulmonary function test. This involves the individual blowing into a special device called a spirometer. The device measures how much air a person can exhale, and how quickly. The test helps doctors to identify the presence of lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Treatment Treatments for allergic and asthmatic bronchitis are often similar and may include the following: Bronchodilators Bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways. As the muscles relax, the airways dilate or widen, often making breathing easier. People take bronchodilators through a metered dose inhaler. Both short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators are available. Short-acting bronchodilators act quickly to decrease symptoms, but the effects do not last. Long-acting bronchodilators do not reduce symptoms as quickly but control symptoms for a longer period. Steroids Steroids may also be used to treat allergic bronchitis. Steroids decrease inflammation in the bronchi. This action reduces coughing and may help air-flow in the lungs. Although steroids can be an intravenous or oral medication, a physician will often administer them through an inhaler in cases of bronchitis. This allows for quicker and more effective delivery of the drugs to the area that requires treatment. Mucolytics A mucolytic drug is a medication that makes the mucus thinner and less sticky. This making it easier to expel mucus from the lungs by coughing. People can take mucolytics either orally or through a nebulizer. A nebulizer is a device that changes a liquid medication into an aerosol. A person can then inhale this aerosol. Oxygen therapy In some instances, allergic bronchitis can interfere with the efficiency of oxygen flow into and out of the lungs. People with severe allergic bronchitis may have decreased levels of oxygen in the blood. If oxygen levels are low, a doctor may prescribe oxygen therapy. This can help restore oxygen levels to normal. Pulmonary rehabilitation classes People with chronic allergic bronchitis may benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation classes. Pulmonary rehabilitation classes involve supervised exercise, along with education on how to breathe better and manage allergic bronchitis. These classes show people how to decrease exposure to allergens that may trigger symptoms. Acute non-allergic bronchitis often does not require treatment. Doctors treat asthmatic bronchitis in a similar way to allergic bronchitis, with bronchodilators, steroids, and oxygen as needed. However, acute non-allergic bronchitis may also be treated with antibiotics if caused by a bacterial infection, though this is uncommon. In some cases, a doctor may also prescribe leukotriene modifiers to treat asthmatic bronchitis. These work by interfering with the chemical reactions that cause the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis. Home remedies humidifier A humidifier can moisten the air and loosen mucus. Many of the treatments for allergic bronchitis require a prescription. However, there are also steps a person can take at home to reduce the effects of bronchitis. Although home remedies will not cure the underlying cause of allergic bronchitis, they may help to reduce symptoms. These steps including: Using a humidifier: A humidifier will moisten the air. This can loosen mucus and make it easier to expel. It may also decrease wheezing. People with asthma should check with their doctor before using a humidifier. Drinking plenty of fluids: Drinking enough water may help keep mucus thin. Gargling with salt water: The coughing from allergic bronchitis can lead to a sore throat. Gargling with salt water might ease discomfort. Taking a cough drop: A cough drop may keep the throat moist and can provide relief from coughing. Click here to choose online from an excellent range of humidifiers with thousands of customer reviews. Prevention Preventing allergic bronchitis usually involves avoiding irritants, such as chemical fumes, dust, and air pollution. Prevention of asthmatic bronchitis includes both avoiding triggers and managing your underlying asthma according to the plan developed with your doctor. Cigarette smoke is one of the leading causes of allergic bronchitis, so quitting smoking, or not starting at all, is one of the best ways to prevent the condition. If outdoor allergens, including pollen or mold, tend to cause allergic bronchitis, wear a mask when carrying out yard work. This might also prevent symptoms. BEST HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES FOR ALLERGY Arsenic alb - There is thin watery discharge from the nose with burning sensation, recurrent sneezing one after another with runny nose. Burning and tearing of eyes . There is puffiness around eyes, stuffy nose. The person has an asthmatic tendency with breathing difficulties, and oppression of chest which is generally worse when he lies down. On sitting with a forward bending posture makes the patient little comfort from his asthmatic problem. There is marked wheezing sound during asthmatic affection. The asthma is worse in wet cold weather. Besides that the constitutional symptoms of arsenic alb are anxiety, restlessness, prostration, burning sensation. The anxiety that is found in Arsenic alb is intermingled with fear. The other prominent symptoms are debility, exhaustion, restlessness, with nightly aggravation. Great exhaustion after a slightest exertion. Sulphur – There is itching with redness of eyes in allergic condition. The itching is followed by burning sensation and relieved by cold application. sulphur patient is always irritable, depressed, thin and weak, but good vappetite. He is having forgetful nature, difficulties in thinking. He has many good ideas but cannot implement it. Selfish type person, no regards for others. very lazy person, not cleanness, never look after about his dressing and clothing. Don’t like to take bath. Having of skin diseases always. The skin rashes itch a lot generally in night and warm atmosphere. The person has a feeling congestion or oppression of chest in asthmatic condition.– Natrum mur – Natrum mur is generally well indicated in case of allergic condition which gives the symptoms of more itching of nose, throat, ear with recurrent sneezing one after another. The characteristic discharge from the mucous membranes is watery or thick whitish, like the white of an egg.Natrum mur patient is very sensitive in nature. Every thing he/she takes into the heart. The person is irritable in nature and when in upset does not like any body’s present or giving of any consolation.Consolation aggravated the state of the mind - the melancholy, the tearfulness, sometimes brings on anger. The Natrum mur patient is extremely emotional. The whole nervous economy is in a state of fret (visible anxious like scratching finger on her skin in worry). Completely or desperately in love brings on complaints. The natrum mur patient desire to take extra salt in his diet. Sabadilla- it has good action on mucous membrane of the nose and the lachrymal glands, producing coryza and symptoms like hay-fever. There isspasmodic sneezing one after another. symptoms of hay-fever or allergic rhinitis with itchy nose and fluent coryza. Either nostril stuffed up, inspiration through nose labored, snoring. Violent sneezing is occurred from time to time, shaking abdomen followed by lachrymation. There is runny nose with severe frontal headache and redness of eyelids. Allium Cepa Allium Cepa is one of the most commonly used Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis or Hay Fever. It is generally used in the symptoms of severe runny nose that drips from the tip of nose with watery eyes. There is burning of nose due to over secretion mucous. Along with the watery nasal discharge there is watery eye. There is profuse sneezing associated with runny nose and watery eyes. Tuberculinum- The patient is very susceptible to catch cold. The physical constitution is lean and thin like natrum mur, but not obese like calcarea carb. If there is family history of tuberculosis or bronchial asthma then is more suitable to give this medicines in any allergic or asthma condition. The person is very depressed, melancholic, taciturn sulky nature.

Friends today I am discussing about a common problem for sensitive persons known as Allergic rhinitis. What is allergic rhinitis? An allergen is an otherwise harmless substance that causes an allergic reaction. Allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is an allergic response to specific allergens. Pollen is the most common allergen in seasonal allergic rhinitis. These are allergy symptoms that occur with the change of seasons. Nearly 8 percent of adults in the United States experience allergic rhinitis of some kind, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI). Between 10 and 30 percent of the worldwide population may also have allergic rhinitis. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis Common symptoms of allergic rhinitis include: sneezing a runny nose a stuffy nose an itchy nose coughing a sore or scratchy throat itchy eyes watery eyes dark circles under the eyes frequent headaches eczema-type symptoms, such as having extremely dry, itchy skin that can blister and weep hives excessive fatigue You’ll usually feel one or more of these symptoms immediately after coming into contact with an allergen. Some symptoms, such as recurrent headaches and fatigue, may only happen after long-term exposure to allergens. Fever isn’t a symptom of hay fever. Some people experience symptoms only rarely. This likely occurs when you’re exposed to allergens in large quantities. Other people experience symptoms all year long. Talk to your doctor about possible allergies if your symptoms last for more than a few weeks and don’t seem to be improving. What causes allergic rhinitis? When your body comes into contact with an allergen, it releases histamine, which is a natural chemical that defends your body from the allergen. This chemical can cause allergic rhinitis and its symptoms, including a runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes. In addition to tree pollen, other common allergens include: grass pollen dust mites animal dander, which is old skin cat saliva mold During certain times of the year, pollen can be especially problematic. Tree and flower pollens are more common in the spring. Grasses and weeds produce more pollen in the summer and fall. What are the types of allergic rhinitis The two types of allergic rhinitis are seasonal and perennial. Seasonal allergies usually occur during the spring and fall season and are typically in response to outdoor allergens like pollen. Perennial allergies can occur year round, or at any time during the year in response to indoor substances, like dust mites and pet dander. Risk factors for allergic rhinitis Allergies can affect anyone, but you’re more likely to develop allergic rhinitis if there is a history of allergies in your family. Having asthma or atopic eczema can also increase your risk of allergic rhinitis. Some external factors can trigger or worsen this condition, including: cigarette smoke chemicals cold temperatures humidity wind air pollution hairspray perfumes colognes wood smoke fumes How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed? If you have minor allergies, you’ll probably only need a physical exam. However, your doctor may perform certain tests to figure out the best treatment and prevention plan for you. A skin prick test is one of the most common. Your doctor places several substances onto your skin to see how your body reacts to each one. Usually, a small red bump appears if you’re allergic to a substance. A blood test, or radioallergosorbent test (RAST), is also common. The RAST measures the amount of immunoglobulin E antibodies to particular allergens in your blood. Treatments for allergic rhinitis You can treat your allergic rhinitis in several ways. These include medications, as well as home remedies and possibly alternative medicines. Talk to your doctor before trying any new treatment measure for allergic rhinitis. Antihistamines You can take antihistamines to treat allergies. They work by stopping your body from making histamine. Some popular over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines include: fexofenadine (Allegra) diphenhydramine (Benadryl) desloratadine (Clarinex) loratadine (Claritin) levocetirizine (Xyzal) cetirizine (Zyrtec) Shop for OTC antihistamines. Talk to your doctor before starting a new medication. Make sure that a new allergy medication won’t interfere with other medications or medical conditions. Decongestants You can use decongestants over a short period, usually no longer than three days, to relieve a stuffy nose and sinus pressure. Using them for a longer time can cause a rebound effect, meaning once you stop your symptoms will actually get worse. Popular OTC decongestants include: oxymetazoline (Afrin nasal spray) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) cetirizine with pseudoephedrine (Zyrtec-D) If you have an abnormal heart rhythm, heart disease, history of stroke, anxiety, a sleep disorder, high blood pressure, or bladder issues, speak with your doctor before using a decongestant. Shop for decongestants. Eye drops and nasal sprays Eye drops and nasal sprays can help relieve itchiness and other allergy-related symptoms for a short time. However, depending on the product, you may need to avoid long-term use. Like decongestants, overusing certain eye drops and nose drops can also cause a rebound effect. Corticosteroids can help with inflammation and immune responses. These do not cause a rebound effect. Steroid nasal sprays are commonly recommended as a long-term, useful way to manage allergy symptoms. They are available both over the counter and by prescription. Talk to your doctor before starting a regimen of any allergy treatment to make sure you are taking the best medications for your symptoms. You doctor can also help you determine which products are made for short-term use and which are designed for long-term management. Immunotherapy Your doctor may recommend immunotherapy, or allergy shots, if you have severe allergies. You can use this treatment plan in conjunction with medications to control your symptoms. These shots decrease your immune response to particular allergens over time. They do require a long-term commitment to a treatment plan. An allergy shot regimen begins with a buildup phase. During this phase, you’ll go to your allergist for a shot one to three times per week for about three to six months to let your body get used to the allergen in the shot. During the maintenance phase, you will likely need to see your allergist for shots every two to four weeks over the course of three to five years. You may not notice a change until over a year after the maintenance phase begins. Once you reach this point, it’s possible that your allergy symptoms will fade or disappear altogether. Some people can experience severe allergic reactions to an allergen in their shot. Many allergists ask you to wait in the office for 30 to 45 minutes after a shot to ensure that you don’t have an intense or life-threatening response to it. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) SLIT involves placing a tablet containing a mixture of several allergens under your tongue. It works similarly to allergy shots but without an injection. Currently, it is effective for treating rhinitis and asthma allergies caused by grass, tree pollen, cat dander, dust mites, and ragweed. You can take SLIT treatments, such as Oralair for certain grass allergies, at home after an initial consultation with your doctor. Your first dose of any SLIT will take place in your doctor’s office. Like allergy shots, the medication is taken frequently over a period of time determined by your doctor. Possible side effects include itching in the mouth or ear and throat irritation. In rare cases, SLIT treatments can cause anaphylaxis. Talk to your doctor about SLIT to see if your allergies will respond to this treatment. Your doctor will need to direct your treatment with this method. Home remedies Home remedies will depend on your allergens. If you have seasonal or pollen allergies, you can try using an air conditioner instead of opening your windows. If possible, add a filter designed for allergies. Using a dehumidifier or a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can help you control your allergies while indoors. If you’re allergic to dust mites, wash your sheets and blankets in hot water that’s above 130°F (54.4°C). Adding a HEPA filter to your vacuum and vacuuming weekly may also help. Limiting carpet in your home can also be useful. Alternative and complementary medicine Due to concerns over possible side effects, more people with allergies are looking at ways to address hay fever symptoms “naturally.” However, it is important to remember that any medication can have side effects, even if it’s considered natural. Aside from home remedies, options can also include alternative and complimentary medicine. The downside to these treatments can be that there’s little supporting evidence to prove that they’re safe or effective. The correct dosing may also be difficult to determine or achieve. acupuncture nasal saline irrigation butterbur supplements honey (choose raw, organic varieties) probiotics Although these alternative treatments are derived from plants and other natural substances, they can possibly interact with medications, as well as cause reactions. Try these with caution, and ask your doctor before use. Complications of allergic rhinitis Unfortunately, allergic rhinitis itself can’t be prevented. Treatment and management are keys to achieving a good quality of life with allergies. Some complications that can arise from hay fever include: inability to sleep from symptoms keeping you up at night development or worsening of asthma symptoms frequent ear infections sinusitis or frequent sinus infections absences from school or work because of reduced productivity frequent headaches Complications can also arise from antihistamine side effects. Most commonly, drowsiness can occur. Other side effects include headache, anxiety, and insomnia. In rare cases, antihistamines can cause gastrointestinal, urinary, and circulatory effects. Allergic rhinitis in children Children can develop allergic rhinitis too, and it typically appears before the age of 10. If you notice that your child develops cold-like symptoms at the same time each year, they probably have seasonal allergic rhinitis. The symptoms in children are similar to those in adults. Children usually develop watery, bloodshot eyes, which is called allergic conjunctivitis. If you notice wheezing or shortness of breath in addition to other symptoms, your child may have also developed asthma. If you believe your child has allergies, see your doctor. It’s important to receive the correct diagnosis and treatment. If your child does have significant seasonal allergies, limit your child’s exposure to allergens by keeping them inside when pollen counts are high. Washing their clothes and sheets frequently during allergy season and vacuuming regularly may also be useful. Many different treatments are available to help your child’s allergies. However, some medications can cause side effects, even in small doses. Always talk to your doctor before treating your child with any over-the-counter allergy medication. Outlook The outcome of treatment depends on your condition. Seasonal allergic rhinitis usually isn’t severe, and you can manage it well with medications. However, severe forms of this condition will likely require long-term treatment. Preventing allergies The best way to prevent allergy symptoms is to manage your allergies before your body has a chance to respond to substances adversely. Consider the following preventive measures for the particular allergens you’re sensitive to: Pollen The AAAAI recommends starting medications before seasonal allergy attacks. For example, if you’re sensitive to tree pollen in the spring, you may want to start taking antihistamines before an allergic reaction has the chance to occur. Stay indoors during peak pollen hours, and take a shower immediately after being outside. You’ll also want to keep your windows closed during allergy season and avoid line-drying any laundry. Dust mites To reduce dust mite exposure, you can take measures to make sure your home is not a friendly environment for dust mite development. Wet mop hard floors, rather than sweeping. If you have carpet, use a vacuum with a HEPA filter. You’ll also want to dust hard surfaces often, and wash your bedding weekly in hot water. Use allergen-blocking pillows and cases to decrease dust mite exposure while you’re sleeping. Pet dander Ideally, you’ll want to limit exposure to any animals that you’re allergic to. If this isn’t possible, make sure you clean all surfaces often. Wash your hands immediately after touching pets, and make sure your furry friends stay off your bed. You’ll also want to wash your clothes after visiting homes that have pets. Tips to prevent allergies Stay indoors when pollen counts are high. Avoid exercising outdoors early in the morning. Take showers immediately after being outside. Keep your windows and doors shut as frequently as possible during allergy season. Keep your mouth and nose covered while performing yard work. Try not to rake leaves or mow the lawn. Bathe your dog at least twice per week to minimize dander. Remove carpeting from your bedroom if you’re concerned about dust mites. HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES FOR ALLERGY Arsenic alb - There is thin watery discharge from the nose with burning sensation, recurrent sneezing one after another with runny nose. Burning and tearing of eyes . There is puffiness around eyes, stuffy nose. The person has an asthmatic tendency with breathing difficulties, and oppression of chest which is generally worse when he lies down. On sitting with a forward bending posture makes the patient little comfort from his asthmatic problem. There is marked wheezing sound during asthmatic affection. The asthma is worse in wet cold weather. Besides that the constitutional symptoms of arsenic alb are anxiety, restlessness, prostration, burning sensation. The anxiety that is found in Arsenic alb is intermingled with fear. The other prominent symptoms are debility, exhaustion, restlessness, with nightly aggravation. Great exhaustion after a slightest exertion. Sulphur – There is itching with redness of eyes in allergic condition. The itching is followed by burning sensation and relieved by cold application. sulphur patient is always irritable, depressed, thin and weak, but good vappetite. He is having forgetful nature, difficulties in thinking. He has many good ideas but cannot implement it. Selfish type person, no regards for others. very lazy person, not cleanness, never look after about his dressing and clothing. Don’t like to take bath. Having of skin diseases always. The skin rashes itch a lot generally in night and warm atmosphere. The person has a feeling congestion or oppression of chest in asthmatic condition. Natrum mur – Natrum mur is generally well indicated in case of allergic condition which gives the symptoms of more itching of nose, throat, ear with recurrent sneezing one after another. The characteristic discharge from the mucous membranes is watery or thick whitish, like the white of an egg. Natrum mur patient is very sensitive in nature. Every thing he/she takes into the heart. The person is irritable in nature and when in upset does not like any body’s present or giving of any consolation. Consolation aggravated the state of the mind - the melancholy, the tearfulness, sometimes brings on anger. The Natrum mur patient is extremely emotional. The whole nervous economy is in a state of fret (visible anxious like scratching finger on her skin in worry). Completely or desperately in love brings on complaints. The natrum mur patient desire to take extra salt in his diet. Sabadilla- it has good action on mucous membrane of the nose and the lachrymal glands, producing coryza and symptoms like hay-fever. There is spasmodic sneezing one after another. symptoms of hay-fever or allergic rhinitis with itchy nose and fluent coryza. Either nostril stuffed up, inspiration through nose labored, snoring. Violent sneezing is occurred from time to time, shaking abdomen followed by lachrymation. There is runny nose with severe frontal headache and redness of eyelids. Allium cepa: Allium Cepa is one of the most commonly used Homeopathic medicines for Allergic Rhinitis or Hay Fever. It is generally used in the symptoms of severe runny nose that drips from the tip of nose with watery eyes. There is burning of nose due to over secretion mucous. Along with the watery nasal discharge there is watery eye. There is profuse sneezing associated with runny nose and watery eyes. Tuberculinum- The patient is very susceptible to catch cold. The physical constitution is lean and thin like natrum mur, but not obese like calcarea carb. If there is family history of tuberculosis or bronchial asthma then is more suitable to give this medicines in any allergic or asthma condition. The person is very depressed, melancholic, taciturn sulky nature.

Friends today I am discusing about Anemia . Anemia is not in itself a disease, it just gives an indication towards various medical conditions associated with diseases. Anemia refers to a reduction of red blood cell count or decreased haemoglobin level. Since the red cell production is reduced or the red blood cells are destroyed at a high rate, the end result is weakness, fatigue and various other symptoms. Homeopathic remedies provides a complete cure for anemia . The natural Homeopathic medicines are free from any side effects and are very effective in the treatment of Anemia. Various Causes And Types of Anemia Haemorrhage: After accidental trauma, heavy bleeding during periods in women or bleeding during childbirth, bleeding in medical conditions like gastric ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer of gut, parasitic manifestation in gut-like hook worm, Schistosomiasis. Iron deficiency: Iron Deficiency Anemia is common during pregnancy and lactation and from acute haemorrhage or chronic blood loss. The cause is either a decreased intake of iron rich diet or impaired absorption of iron in the gut. Deficiency of Vitamin B12 or Folic Acid: It leads to Megaloblastic Anemia. Pernicious Anemia: This type of Anemia arises from an autoimmune disorder where there is atrophy of gastric mucosa with the resultant decrease in parietal cells and intrinsic factor produced by these cells. Intrinsic factor is required to absorb Vitamin B12. So, in Pernicious Anemia, defective absorption of Vitamin B12 is the cause and not its nutritional deficiency. Haemolytic Anemia: It is a result of destruction of red blood cells as in malaria, and abnormal red blood cells prone to breakage as in Sickle Cell Anemia. Thallasemia: An inherited disorder in which the haemoglobin production is impaired. Symptoms of Anemia Pallor; weakness or fatigue; vertigo; mouth soreness; difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath; palpitation; jaundice in Haemolytic Anemia; Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) in Iron Deficiency Anemia; pica (desire to eat strange indigestible things including chalk, clay, lime, dry rice, etc) in Iron Deficiency Anemia; gastric symptoms (like diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting); tingling and numbness of limbs in Pernicious Anemia.[toc] Natural Homeopathic Treatment For Anemia The Homeopathic mode of treatment, with the use of medicines made of natural substances, is very effective in treating Anemia. There is no specific Homeopathic remedies for Anemia. The medicines are solely selected on the basis of individual symptoms. Top Homeopathic Medicines For Anemia Ferrum Metallicum: Best Homeopathic medicine for Anemia There are several natural Homeopathic medicines that are of great help in the treatment of Anemia, but Ferrum Metallicum or Ferrum Met as it is known tops the list. The persons needing Ferrum Met are weak with paleness, and have frequent false flushings appearing at the slightest excitement. Vertigo, pulsating headaches and ringing in ears are also experienced by patients. Difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath with palpitations in heart are dominantly present in such patients, as is coldness of body. Homeopathic remedy Ferrum Met needs a special reference for its use in females who are anemic due to excessive bleeding during periods. The blood flows abundantly and the periods last much longer than normal. Aletris Farinosa: Homeopathic medicine for Anemia in women with extreme fatigue Aletris Farinosa is the best natural Homeopathic medicine for women suffering from Anemia with extreme weakness and fatigue. There is a marked weariness and tiredness all day in such patients. The energy level seems to be markedly reduced and the body feels powerless. Frequent episodes of faintness and vertigo are common and even the face appears very pale. Anemia in women due to repeated abortions is best treated with Homeopathic remedy Aletris Farinosa. Vaginal discharge due to Anemia can also be corrected with this Homeopathic medicine. Aletris Farinosa is also the ideal Homeopathic mode of treatment for women with Anemia due to abundant bleeding during periods. China: one of the Best Homeopathic medicines for Anemia following excessive bleeding Anemia due to extreme blood loss is best treated with natural Homeopathic medicine China. The bleeding can be the result of a traumatic injury, excessive bleeding in periods or bleeding from any part of body like throat, bowels, nose, etc. The person is exhausted and even fainting spells occur due to extreme anemic conditions consequent to blood loss. Episodes of vertigo with marked weakness are also experienced. The body feels cold and pallor is marked. The face especially appears pale with sunken features. Homeopathic medicine China acts both as a haemorrhage controller as well as enhances the amount of blood after the bleeding episodes. Natrum Mur: One of the best Homeopathic medicines for Anemia with weight loss Natural Homeopathic medicine Natrum Mur acts very efficiently to control weight loss as a result of Anemia. The person appears very lean and emaciated with loss of flesh. The headache due to Anemia is also best treated with Natrum Mur. The headache is mainly bursting in character. Nausea and vomiting may accompany the pain in head. Natrum Mur is also the Homeopathic cure when anemic patients experience palpitations. Natrum Mur has a great ability to control palpitations due to decreased blood. Anemia due to longstanding grief is also best treated with Homeopathic remedy Natrum Mur. There is also a marked desire for extra salt in persons needing Natrum Mur to cure Anemia. Homeopathic medicine Ferrum Phos a haemoglobin enhancer Ferrum Phos is the most frequently used natural Homeopathic medicine to increase the haemoglobin level. It can be safely used among people of all age groups. Even during Anemia in pregnancy, Ferrum Phos is a safe Homeopathic remedy though the dosage is to be properly handled by the physician during pregnancy. The skin appears pale in persons needing Ferrum Phos and they also experience palpitation of heart and weakness. The pulse rate is quickened. Vertigo and headache also appear as symptoms. Ferrum Phos is also the best Homeopathic remedy for controlling sweat in anemic patients especially at night. Natural Homeopathic Medicines for Anemia after haemorrhage The best Homeopathic medicines for replenishing the blood lost due to haemorrhage are Ferrum Met and China. Ferrum Met is used when palpitations, weakness and coldness are marked. China is an ideal Homeopathic medicine when faintness and vertigo with complete exhaustion from bleeding is the symptom picture. Homeopathic medicines for treatment of Pernicious Anemia The top natural Homeopathic medicines for Pernicious Anemia are Picric Acid and Phosphorus. The symptoms that help in selection of Picric Acid are extreme weakness and prostration. Very marked weakness is present with a tired feeling all day. Tingling in limbs with needle-like sensation is often present. There is also an aversion to do any kind of work. Phosphorus is a Homeopathic remedy of great help when there is a numbness of hands and arms. Longstanding diarrhoea with weakness is also experienced. An increased desire for cold drinks and ice creams is often noticed in persons who can benefit with Homeopathic medicine Phosphorus. Homeopathic medicines for Anemia following malaria Arsenic Album, Natrum Mur and Alstonia Scholaris are efficient natural Homeopathic remedies for Anemia due to malaria. Natrum Mur can help all those patients who are emaciated with weakness. Usually a history of chronic malaria is found among such patients. Natrum Mur is also known to cut the bad effects of taking excessive quinine used as an anti-malarial drug. The persons needing Natrum Mur have a weakness that shows its presence markedly in morning. Headache and palpitations may also be experienced. Excessive craving for salts is an important symptom guiding towards the use of Homeopathic remedy Natrum Mur. On the other hand, Arsenic Album is the Homeopathic choice when there is a marked weakness that gets worse at night. The person seems exhausted with much weakness. Even a slight exertion seems to worsen the weakness. Other important symptoms include anxiety and restlessness. Homeopathic medicine Alstonia Scholaris is considered a complete tonic for patients who have Anemia and other complaints following malarial fever. The complaints apart from Anemia are weak digestion. The patients needing Alstonia Scholaris list a history of diarrhoea during malarial fever. Homeopathic treatment for Anemia due to nutritional disturbances Alumina, Nux Vomica and Calcarea Phos are wonderful natural Homeopathic medicines for Anemia due to nutritional disturbances. Alumina is the best Homeopathic remedy when there is sluggishness of the gastric system and the person remains very constipated. The intestines are so sluggish that the stool is retained for many days together. The urge to pass stool is absent. Along with constipation, pica is dominant and there is a desire for chalk, coffee grounds and other indigestible things. The person also has sensitivity to cold air. The main symptom for using Homeopathic medicine Nux Vomica is also constipation and senstivity to cold air. But the character of constipation is exactly opposed to Alumina. For using Nux Vomica, the constipation symptom is scanty stool with frequent ineffectual desire to pass stool. Acidity and heaviness in abdomen after eating is also marked. Calcarea Phos is the Homeopathic remedy for children with Anemia and a weak digestive power. The abdomen is full of gas. Desire for salt or meat (especially smoked meat) is often noted. The child is also usually irritable and also has weak bones. Homeopathic medicines for Anemia during pregnancy Ferrum Phos and Aletris Farinosa are very efficient natural Homeopathic medicines for Anemia during pregnancy. Ferrum Phos is of great help for all women during pregnancy suffering from anemia. The symptoms that may be found are paleness, weakness and palpitations with a fast pulse. Aletris Farinosa is the ideal Homeopathic remedy when extreme weariness and tiredness are the symptoms. Fainting and vertigo are also experienced. Although these are safe remedies, the Homeopathic physician’s advice should always be taken before using these medicines as the dose and potency varies in every case. Homeopathic medicines for Anemia where pica is predominantly present Alumina and Calcarea Carb are the natural Homeopathic medicines for anemia that work well to control pica . Alumina is used when a person desires chalk or coffee/tea grounds or dry rice. Constipation is marked along with pica. Calcarea Carb is the Homeopathic medicine recommended when there is a desire for lime, chalk and pencils. Craving for boiled eggs and increased sweat on head are important symptoms that if present add more weightage in selecting Calcarea Carb over Alumina. Homeopathic medicines to control palpitations in anaemic persons Ferrum Met and Natrum Mur are the best natural Homeopathic medicines to treat palpitations in anemic patients. Homeopathic medicine Ferrum Met is used when palpitations get worse with motion. Chest oppression with difficulty in breathing are accompanying symptoms. Homeopathic medicine Natrum Mur works well when palpitations with fluttering sensations are marked. The palpitations are violent, shaking the whole body. Natural Homeopathic medicines for Anemia with Weakness Ferrum Met, China and Natrum Mur are the Homeopathic medicines that are very beneficial in treating weakness in Anemic patients. Ferrum Met is most suited when there is a marked weakness when walking and speaking. China is the best Homeopathic remedy when vertigo and weakness in addition to weakness are present. And for weakness that is worse in morning, Natrum Mur is the most suitable Homeopathic remedy.

Women and HIV: Get the Facts on HIV Testing, Prevention, and Treatment Every year, thousands of women are infected with HIV. Learn the facts. Teach the women in your family and community how to prevent and treat HIV. What is HIV? How do you get HIV? How do you get tested for HIV? Is there are cure for HIV? What should pregnant women know about HIV? HIV Quick Facts What is HIV? HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. A person with HIV is called HIV positive (HIV+). HIV makes it hard for your body to fight off sickness. There are cells in your blood called 'CD4 cells' or 'T cells'. These cells help protect your body from disease. HIV kills these cells. How do you get HIV? HIV is spread through body fluids like blood, semen, or breast milk. You can get HIV when you: Have sex with a person who is HIV+ and do not use a condom Share needles or syringes (drug works) with someone who has HIV Get blood from a person who has HIV. Now all donated blood is tested for HIV. You can’t get HIV from giving blood. Most women get HIV from having unprotected sex with men. Always use a condom every time you have sex. You can’t get HIV from shaking hands, kissing, or sharing household items like forks or glasses with someone who has HIV. HIV Testing - Know Your Status How do you know if someone has HIV? The only way to know for sure is to get an HIV test. You cannot tell who has HIV just by looking at them.Most people do not show any outward signs when they first get HIV. A person can spread HIV even if he or she does not look sick. How do you get tested for HIV? There are three basic types of HIV tests: Blood – A small amount of blood is taken from your finger or arm. Oral – Fluid is taken from the inside of your mouth Urine – A small cup of urine is used. Some HIV tests take 1-2 weeks to get results from a lab. Other tests called “rapid HIV tests” can give results in about 20 minutes. You can get tested at places like a doctor’s office, mobile health van, or health fair. There are also home HIV tests that let you test yourself. What is the “window period”? It may take a few weeks or months for HIV to show up on a test. This time is called the “window period”. A person who was just infected with HIV may not test positive even though they have the virus. A person can give the virus to others during the window period. HIV Treatment Is there a cure for HIV? There is no cure for HIV. There are medicines that people with HIV can take to help stop the virus from building up in their body. Some people take 1 pill each day. Other people take 3 or more drugs every day. Over time, you can get very sick if you do not take your HIV medicines. People with HIV should not stop taking their medicines without first talking to a doctor. Some people who are at high risk of getting HIV can take medicine to lower their chance of getting the virus. PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) is the name used when people take HIV medicines to lower their chance of getting infected. What should pregnant women know about HIV? A woman can pass HIV to her baby during pregnancy, labor or delivery. A woman can also pass HIV to her baby during breastfeeding. Women with HIV should talk to their doctor before they get pregnant. Women with HIV can take medicine to lower the chance of giving her baby HIV. Some HIV medicines should not be taken during pregnancy because they can cause birth defects. There are pregnancy registry studies that track women with HIV who take HIV medicines during pregnancy. HIV Prevention The most common way to get HIV is by not using a condom when you have sex with a person who has HIV. You can take steps to help protect yourself from getting HIV through sex. Condoms Male Condom Latex condoms, the most common type, may help prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). “Natural” or “lambskin” condoms help prevent pregnancy, but may not provide protection against STIs, including HIV. The male latex condom must be used consistently and correctly to help reduce HIV risk. The male condom cannot provide complete protection against HIV or other STIs. Female Condom When used in the vagina, the female condom reduces the risk of HIV and other STIs. The female condom cannot provide complete protection against HIV or other STIs. Learn more about using condoms as a barrier method for preventing HIV infection Medicine to Reduce HIV Risk FDA approved a drug that can be used in combination with safer sex practices to reduce the risk of getting HIV through sex. What is PrEP? PrEP is short for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. PrEP is for adults who do not have HIV but are at high risk of becoming infected. As a part of PrEP, you can take a medicine every day to reduce the risk of getting the HIV virus through sex.