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Friends today again I am discussing about a skin. Problem known as Seborrhoeic dermatitis. What is seborrhoeic dermatitis? Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common, chronic or relapsing form of eczema/dermatitis that mainly affects the sebaceous, gland-rich regions of the scalp, face, and trunk . There are infantile and adult forms of seborrhoeic dermatitis. It is sometimes associated with psoriasis (sebopsoriasis). Seborrhoeic dermatitis is also known as seborrhoeic eczema. Dandruff (also called ‘pityriasis capitis’) is an uninflamed form of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Dandruff presents as bran-like scaly patches scattered within hair-bearing areas of the scalp. What causes seborrhoeic dermatitis? The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis is not completely understood. It is associated with proliferation of various species of the skin commensal Malassezia, in its yeast (non-pathogenic) form. Its metabolites (such as the fatty acids oleic acid, malssezin, and indole-3-carbaldehyde) may cause an inflammatory reaction. Differences in skin barrier lipid content and function may account for individual presentations. Who gets seborrhoeic dermatitis? Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis affects babies under the age of 3 months and usually resolves by 6–12 months of age. Adult seborrhoeic dermatitis tends to begin in late adolescence. Prevalence is greatest in young adults and in the elderly. It is more common in males than in females. The following factors are sometimes associated with severe adult seborrhoeic dermatitis: Oily skin (seborrhoea) Familial tendency to seborrhoeic dermatitis or a family history of psoriasis Immunosuppression: organ transplant recipient, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and patients with lymphoma Neurological and psychiatric diseases: Parkinson disease, tardive dyskinesia, depression, epilepsy, facial nerve palsy, spinal cord injury and congenital disorders such as Down syndrome Treatment for psoriasis with psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy Lack of sleep, and stressful events. What are the clinical features of seborrhoeic dermatitis? Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis causes cradle cap (diffuse, greasy scaling on scalp). The rash may spread to affect armpit and groin folds (a type of napkin dermatitis). There are salmon-pink patches that may flake or peel. It is not especially itchy, so the baby often appears undisturbed by the rash, even when generalised. Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis Adult seborrhoeic dermatitis Seborrhoeic dermatitis affects scalp, face (creases around the nose, behind ears, within eyebrows) and upper trunk. Typical features include: Winter flares, improving in summer following sun exposure Minimal itch most of the time Combination oily and dry mid-facial skin Ill-defined localised scaly patches or diffuse scale in the scalp Blepharitis: scaly red eyelid margins Salmon-pink, thin, scaly, and ill-defined plaques in skin folds on both sides of the face Petal or ring-shaped flaky patches on hair-line and on anterior chest Rash in armpits, under the breasts, in the groin folds and genital creases Superficial folliculitis (inflamed hair follicles) on cheeks and upper trunk Extensive seborrhoeic dermatitis affecting scalp, neck and trunk is sometimes called pityriasiform seborrhoeide. How is seborrhoeic dermatitis diagnosed? Seborrhoeic dermatitis is diagnosed by its clinical appearance and behaviour. As malassezia are a normal component of skin flora, their presence on microscopy of skin scrapings is not diagnostic. Skin biopsy may be helpful but is rarely indicated. Histological findings specific to seborrhoeic dermatitis are superficial perivascular and perifollicular inflammatory infiltrates, psoriasiform hyperplasia, and parakeratosis around follicular openings. What is the treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis? Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis often involves several of the following options. Keratolytics can be used to remove scale when necessary, eg salicylic acid, lactic acid, urea, propylene glycol Topical antifungal agents are applied to reduce malassezia eg ketoconazole, or ciclopirox shampoo or and/or cream. Note, some strains of malassezia are resistant to azole antifungals. Try zinc pyrithione or selenium sulphide Mild topical corticosteroids are prescribed for 1–3 weeks to reduce the inflammation of an acute flare Topical calcineurin inhibitors (pimecrolimus cream, tacrolimus ointment) are indicated if topical corticosteroids are often needed, as they have fewer adverse effects on facial skin. In resistant cases in adults, oral itraconazole, tetracycline antibiotics or phototherapy may be recommended. Low dose oral isotretinoin has also been shown to be effective for severe or moderate seborrhoeic dermatitis. Scalp treatment Medicated shampoos containing ketoconazole, ciclopirox, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, coal tar, and salicylic acid, used twice weekly for at least a month and if necessary, indefinitely. Steroid scalp applications reduce itching, and should be applied daily for a few days every so often. Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus can be used as steroid alternatives. Coal tar cream can be applied to scaling areas and removed several hours later by shampooing. Combination therapy is often advisable. Face, ears, chest and back Cleanse the affected skin thoroughly once or twice each day using a non-soap cleanser. Apply ketoconazole or ciclopirox cream once daily for 2 to 4 weeks, repeated as necessary. Hydrocortisone cream can also be used, applied up to twice daily for 1 or 2 weeks. Occasionally a more potent topical steroid may be prescribed. Topical calcineurin inhibitors such as pimecrolimus cream or tacrolimus ointment may be used instead of topical steroids. A variety of herbal remedies are commonly used, but their efficacy is uncertain. Management in infants Regular washing of the scalp with baby shampoo or aqueous cream is followed by gentle brushing to clear the scales. GRAPHITES 30-Graphites is an effective Homeopathic medicine for seborrheic dermatitis where the scales on the scalp are accompanied by intense itching. ... NATRUM MURIATICUM 30- Natrum Muriaticum is prescribed for seborrheic dermatitis with a greasy, oily scalp with redness and flakiness. Other homoeopathic medicines can also be given on the basis of totality of symptoms.

Friends today I am discussing about a skin problem known as Seborrheic Dermatitis. What is seborrheic dermatitis? Considered a chronic form of eczema, seborrheic dermatitis appears on the body where there are a lot of oil-producing (sebaceous) glands like the upper back, nose and scalp. The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, although genes and hormones play a role. Microorganisms that live on the skin naturally can also contribute to seborrheic dermatitis. People of any age can develop seborrheic dermatitis including infants (known as “cradle cap”). However, it most commonly affects adults between the ages of 30-60 and infants under 3 months. Seborrheic dermatitis on the chest that shows round, red areas and slight scaling Common triggers for seborrheic dermatitis include: Stress Hormonal changes or illness Harsh detergents, solvents, chemicals and soaps Cold, dry weather Medications such as psoralen, interferon and lithium In general, seborrheic dermatitis is slightly more common in men than in women. Patients with certain diseases that affect the immune system (such as HIV/AIDS and psoriasis) and the nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease, are also at increased risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis. It can also affect people who have epilepsy, alcoholism, acne, rosacea and mental health issues such as depression and eating disorders. Seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious. What does seborrheic dermatitis look like? Seborrheic dermatitis often appears on the scalp, where symptoms may range from dry flakes (dandruff) to yellow, greasy scales with reddened skin. Patients can also develop seborrheic dermatitis on other oily areas of their body, such as the face, upper chest and back. Seborrheic dermatitis on the sides of nose Seborrheic dermatitis appears in oily skin areas like the side of the nose and causes redness and yellow scale Common symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include: Redness Greasy, swollen skin White or yellowish crusty flakes Itch and burning Pink-colored patches, most prominent in people with dark skin What causes seborrheic dermatitis? The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, although genes and hormones play a role. Microorganisms such as yeast, that live on the skin naturally can also contribute to seborrheic dermatitis. Unlike many other forms of eczema, seborrheic dermatitis is not the result of an allergy. People of any age can develop seborrheic dermatitis including infants (known as “cradle cap”). It is slightly more common in men than women. People with certain diseases that affect the immune system, such as HIV or AIDS, and the nervous system, such as Parkinson’s disease, are believed to be at an increased risk of developing seborrheic dermatitis. How is seborrheic dermatitis diagnosed? Seborrheic dermatitis can often look like – or even appear with – other skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. There is no test for diagnosing seborrheic dermatitis. Your doctor will ask about your medical history and also perform a physical examination of your skin. Sometimes, the doctor with scrape a bit of skin, mix it with a chemical and look at it under a microscope to determine if there is a fungal infection. Similarly, a skin biopsy (a procedure in which a small sample of skin is taken) may be required to rule out the other conditions that look like seborrheic dermatitis. If you are experiencing symptoms, make an appointment with your doctor to get the correct diagnosis and treatment. Seborrheic dermatitis treatment Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis focuses on loosening scale, reducing inflammation and swelling, and curbing itch. In mild cases, a topical antifungal cream or medicated shampoo (such as ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, coal tar, and zinc pyrithione) may be enough to control symptoms. Guidelines for treating seborrheic dermatitis include: For the scalp: Alternate between using your regular shampoo and a medicated dandruff shampoo. If you are African American, wash with the medicated shampoo once weekly. Taper off as your symptoms improve. For the body: Wash daily with a gently cleanser that has 2% zinc pyrithione, followed by a moisturizer. To further soften scale, use a cream containing salicylic acid and sulfur or coal tar. In more severe cases, you may receive a prescription for a mild corticosteroid medication to calm the inflammation as well. Use topical corticosteroids only as directed—that is, when the seborrheic dermatitis is actively flaring. In cases where corticosteroids are not appropriate, or when they have been used for a prolonged period, a non-corticosteroid topical medication such as tacrolimus (Protopic) or pimecrolimus (Elidel) may be prescribed. These medications are called topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) and are approved for use by adults and children two years of age or older. Oral antifungal agents may be used in very severe cases. HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES FOR SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS ARSENIC ALBUM 30-Arsenic album is an effective remedy for seborrheic dermatitis in weak persons.It is also suited patients with fair skin. The scalp is covered with white scales which itch intolerably.Circular patches on bare spots are seen. Along with this great anxiety and restlessness is present. KALI SULHURICUM 30- Kali sulphuricum is one of the top remedies for seborrheic dermatitis with yellow scales. There is prominent yellow flakes on the scalp. The scales are sticky in nature, with a moist scalp. Also it is attended with itching. Heat worsens the itching . THUJA OCCIDENTALIS 200-Thuja occ. is another effective medicine for seborrheic dermatitis with white flakes on the scalp. The other prescribing points are dry hair, which may be split at ends and falling of hair. The hair may be dry in such cases. CALCAREA SULPH 30-Calcarea sulph. is prescribed for seborrheic dermatitis when eruptions with yellow pus occurs. Falling of hair also occurs. GRAPHITES 30-Graphites is an effective Homeopathic medicine for seborrheic dermatitis where the scales on the scalp are accompanied by intense itching. The scales reduce after washing, but reappear. A fetid odour on the scalp may also be observed. The scalp may also remain moist and humid. Matting together of the hair or falling of hair are also seen. Apart from the scalp, the scales may also be present on the eyelid margins and behind the ears. NATRUM MURIATICUM 30- Natrum Muriaticum is prescribed for seborrheic dermatitis with a greasy, oily scalp with redness and flakiness. The scalp is covered with white scurfs. Burning sensation on the scalp may also be present. The face is oily, with redness. Acne on the face may also be present along with the above symptoms. PHOSPHORUS 30--Phosphorus is prescribed when flakiness on the scalp is attended with excessive hairfall is occurs. The hair fall in bunches. In some cases, the hair may fall off in spots. This may be accompanied by a severe burning sensation on the scalp. In a few cases, clammy sweat on the scalp may also be present. SANICULA AQUA 200- Sanicula is another effective remedy for seborrheic dermatitis. Scales are covering the scalp. Scales are also seen on the eyebrows, eye lashes etc. Profuse sweat is present on the head. PSORINUM 200-Psorinum is suited to humid seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp which smells badly. Intolerable itching is present. SULPHUR 200- Sulphur is prescribed when well selected remedies fail. Intolerable itching and scratching of scalp. Scratching causes severe burning.

Friends today I am discussing about a common problem of many peoples known as Dandruff. Dandruff is a harmless, chronic condition that occurs when the scalp becomes dry or greasy and produces white flakes of dead skin that appear in the hair or on the shoulders. Although it is harmless, dandruff can be embarrassing for those who have it. Dandruff usually starts between the ages of 10 and 20 and affects up to 40% of people over the age of 30. Causes Skin cells are formed continuously on the scalp, so the shedding of dead skin cells is a normal process. Sometimes with dandruff, however, skin cells are shed at a faster rate than normal. Oil from the scalp causes the skin cells to clump together and appear as white flakes. Dandruff can be caused by a number of things, including dry skin; sensitivity to hair products; and skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis or eczema. The overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus can also cause dandruff. This overgrowth can be caused by stress, hormones, too much oil on the scalp, or problems with the immune system. Symptoms and Complications The symptoms of dandruff include white flakes of dead skin in the hair and on the shoulders, as well as an itchy, red, or scaly scalp. Dandruff flakes are usually scattered throughout the scalp. If seborrheic dermatitis is the cause of dandruff, the symptoms usually appear gradually. The scalp becomes dry or greasy, is red, and feels itchy. As skin cells die, they turn to yellowish scales. A bad case of seborrheic dermatitis can also cause symptoms in other parts of the body. Yellowish or reddish scaling can appear on the hairline, in and around the ears, or on the nose and chest. Affected newborn babies may get a thick, yellowish, crusty rash on the scalp, called cradle cap. Making the Diagnosis Dandruff is a condition that people can pretty much self-diagnose from the symptoms of an itchy, dry, and scaly scalp. Seborrheic dermatitis appears as reddish-looking skin with mild, greasy, yellow scales and plaques with indistinct margins. Treatment and Prevention Dandruff can often be a chronic condition, but it can be controlled with the proper treatment. First, try shampooing with a non-medicated shampoo, massaging the scalp firmly, and then rinsing well. Frequent shampooing removes flakes, reduces oiliness, and prevents dead skin cell buildup. If this fails to help, special antidandruff shampoos are usually helpful. Instructions for use depend on the specific shampoo used. Some are used on a daily basis, while other are used only once or twice weekly. When selecting an over-the-counter shampoo, look for antidandruff ingredients such as ketoconazole*, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, sulfur, coal tar, or zinc pyrithione. You may need to try a few products before you find the one that works for you. If non-prescription preparations are not successful in providing some improvement after 2 weeks, or if the condition worsens, you should consider seeing a doctor. A doctor may prescribe a corticosteroid lotion to be applied to the scalp. Never use corticosteroids for a long period of time without advice from a doctor. They can thin out the skin and cause other side effects. For an infant with cradle cap, apply a small amount of mineral oil to the dry areas of the scalp to soften the scales. Then remove the scales by gentle brushing. You can then wash the infant's hair with mild baby shampoo. If these measures do not help, try applying a small amount of warmed mineral oil at bedtime and then shampooing it out in the morning. If this isn't effective, talk to your child's doctor about next steps. In general, corticosteroid shampoos and lotions are not used on infants, as infants absorb them much more easily through the skin than adults do. The good news is that cradle cap usually disappears eventually without any treatment within the first year of a baby's life. To help keep dandruff under control, shampoo frequently, reduce your stress levels, try reducing or stopping your use of hair products (e.g., gels and sprays), and eat a healthy diet. English News >> Lybrate >> health Wednesday, 19 Sep, 2.10 am 7 Homeopathic Medicines To Treat Dandruff! Dandruff is a condition that involves shedding of dead cells from the skin of the scalp. However, it is not just confined to the head and can also affect the ears, eyebrows, sides of the nose, facial hair, as well as the pubic hair. It can occur on any part of the body with hair follicles. Dandruff is also known as seborrheic dermatitis or seborrhea. When it occurs in newborn children, it is prevalently called a "cradle cap", which usually vanishes after a couple of months to return at a later age. Among teenagers, it is generally known as dandruff. Homeopathy cures the individual in general. It implies that homeopathic treatment concentrates on the patient as a whole, and additionally their neurotic condition. The homeopathic medicines are chosen after a full examination and case-investigation of the patient. This includes the medical history of the patient, physical and mental constitution and so forth. Here are a few homeopathic treatments for dandruff: Thuja occidentalis: This medicine is used for white, textured dandruff with dry hair and flakes that keep falling everywhere. In this condition, itching is very common and usually bad for the patient as well. Natrum muriaticum: Patients who take this usually have dandruff and an oily and sleek scalp. Dry eruptions occur, particularly on the edges of the scalp. Alopecia as well as tingling and blazing of hair follicles happens. Kali sulphuricum: This remedy is usually effective in the later stages of dandruff where there is a lot of swelling and inflammation. The dandruff in this condition has yellow scales and gets worse under warm conditions and during the evening. However, it is better in the cool. Graphites: People use this when they experience dryness of scalp, or a sticky and itchy sensation on the scalp, which gives a foul smell. Patients who are somewhat stout with a fair complexion and are prone to skin disease and constipation, tend to take this solution as well. It builds up the skin and encourages re-growth. Phosphorus: Itching of the scalp, dandruff and hair fall in huge bundles are all cured by this medicine. Hair loss at certain areas in patches is also why phosphorus is taken. It is usually consumed by tall thin people with a reasonable skin, fragile eyelashes, blonde or red hair and an extremely delicate nature. Youngsters who grow too quickly usually get anemic, which causes a lot of dandruff. Carboneum sulphuratum: Chronic skin diseases with much itching are cured by it. It is extremely useful for patients separated by abuse of liquor. Sulfur: Dry scalp, excessive hair fall and dandruff due to continuous washing of hair are fixed by this solution. People with anxious personalities, fast motion, hot temper and sensitive skin are recommended this cure.

20 Yr old M Pt. C/o itching & irritation over lower eyelid Rt. Eye plz advice Dx & Rx

F/24, C/o. mild pain and itching since 3 days. no other complaints. spot dx rx.