Herpes Simplex 1 and Clamydia Reactive

A patient has multiple episodes of erythematous, painful, small vesicles, and ulcers on the penis. What is the most likely diagnosis? A--Syphilis B--Lymphogranuloma bener un C--Herpes Simplex D-- Chlamydia trachomatis

A 28 year old female came to my clinic with inability to conceive since the last 4 years. She has a 6 year old healthy child. She has also got tested for other common reasons – TORCH (Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes) and tested negative for all. She is not a known Hypertensive, diabetic nor sickle cell disease patient and has no family history of the same. She informs that all the members of the household have not been diagnosed with any major sickness, apart from her mother-in-law who received almost a year-long treatment almost 5 years ago. She was unable to mention the nature of sickness except that mother would cough, have difficulty in breathing and eating, and evening fever. An HSG was done and the image is attached. Few questions for discussions: 1. Differential diagnosis for her secondary infertility 2. Interpret HSG 3. Which test would you do to confirm the diagnosis

A 23 years old female married pt comes with c/o a cyst since 10 days which is hard on palpation and have pain in nature, she complaint that it grows every year once since 5 years from her first pregnancy, she said it fall down after 10-15 days and blood come out and it growing at same sight, pt have difficulty in sitting. Her periods is normal and she delivered a baby before 5 years Pt took medicinal tt from outside doc but not get any relief. Pls suggest dx and rx

30 yr f plz suggest urs valuable opinion nd management

GONORRHEA MANIPULATES AN ANTI-INFECTION MECHANISM IN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT. April 13, 2017. PLoS Pathog 13(4): e1006269. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.100626 The BACTERIUM that CAUSES GONORRHEA INFECTS the FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT BY BREAKING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELLS IN the tract's PROTECTIVE LINING, according to new research published in PLOS Pathogens. GONORRHEA is a widespread sexually transmitted disease caused when NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE bacteria infect the normally protective inner lining of human genital tissues. In women, the opening of the uterus, known as the ENDOCERVIX, SERVES AS A PRIMARY INFECTION SITE for N. gonorrhoeae. HOWEVER, the STRATEGY USED BY N. gonorrhoeae TO PENETRATE THE LINING OF THE ENDOCERVIX HAS BEEN UNCLEAR. TO INVESTIGATE THIS MECHANISM, Liang-Chun Wang of the University of Maryland, College Park, and colleagues NEEDED to develop AN ALTERNATIVE TO the MOUSE MODELS normally used to study gonorrhea, since they have been inadequate for this purpose. The team developed a NEW MODEL using tissue samples obtained from the human endocervix. The RESEARCHERS INFECTED the ENDOCERVIX TISSUE, AS WELL AS LAB-GROWN CELLS OF the SAME TYPE as those that line the endocervix, with N. gonorrhoeae. They THEN employed a VARIETY OF MOLECULAR AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES to examine the infection mechanism. The RESULTS DEMONSTRATE that N. gonorrhoeae PENETRATES the ENDOCERVIX LINING BY INTERFERING WITH A NORMALLY PROTECTIVE PROCESS. Usually, infected cells in the lining can be shed and disposed of without breaking the tight connections between cells that keep the lining uncompromised. N. gonorrhoeae APPEARS to be able TO BREAK these CONNECTIONS AND INDUCE CELL SHEDDING, OPENING PATHS FOR PENETRATION without reducing its ability to adhere to and invade the cells of the lining. The SCIENTISTS SHOWED that N. gonorrhoeae CAUSES DISRUPTION OF CELLULAR CONNECTIONS AND CELL SHEDDING BY promoting ACTIVATION AND ACCUMULATION OF a human protein known as NON-MUSCLE MYOSIN II. Depending on the PARTICULAR GENES being EXPRESSED BY N. gonorrhoeae at any given time, the team found, it can EITHER PROMOTE OR INHIBIT this PENETRATION MECHANISM. THIS STUDY REPRESENTS the FIRST LABORATORY DEMONSTRATION OF the PENETRATION OF N. gonorrhoeae INTO the human ENDOCERVIX and provides new insights into gonorrhea infection. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ MORE INFORMATION: Wang L-C, Yu Q, Edwards V, Lin B, Qiu J, Turner JR, et al. (2017) Neisseria gonorrhoeae infects the human endocervix by activating non-muscle myosin II-mediated epithelial exfoliation. PLoS Pathog 13(4): e1006269. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006269 ____________________________________ PROVIDED BY: Public Library of Science. ****************************+****************************** PREVIOUS STUDIES :- 1 ) Gonorrhea infections start from exposure to seminal fluid March 4, 2014. Provided by: American Society for Microbiology. 2 ) Antibiotic treatment speeds up spread of resistance in the gonorrhea superbug May 19, 2016. Fingerhuth SM, Bonhoeffer S, Low N, Althaus CL (2016) Antibiotic-ResistantNeisseria gonorrhoeae Spread Faster with More Treatment, Not More Sexual Partners. PLoS Pathog 12(5): e1005611. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005611 3 ) Researchers identify novel pathway responsible for infection of a common STD pathogen February 27, 2012. Provided by: Boston University Medical Center. 4 ) Failure of dual antimicrobial therapy for gonorrhea reported June 23, 2016. More information: Full Text Copyright © 2016 HealthDay. 5 ) Commercial brand of mouthwash can help kill off gonorrhea in the mouth (Update) December 20, 2016. Antiseptic mouthwash against pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a randomised controlled trial and an in vitro study, Sexually Transmitted Infections, sti.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/sextrans-2016-052753 =========================================