#Kidney Stones

Friends today I am discussing about the Kidney Stones. Patient having renal stone have very severe pain along with many complications. What are kidney stones? Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals. Kidney stones usually originate in your kidneys. However, they can develop anywhere along your urinary tract, which consists of these parts: kidneys ureters bladder urethra Kidney stones are one of the most painful medical conditions. The causes of kidney stones vary according to the type of stone. Types of kidney stones Not all kidney stones are made up of the same crystals. The different types of kidney stones include: Calcium Calcium stones are the most common. They’re often made of calcium oxalate (though they can consist of calcium phosphate or maleate). Eating fewer oxalate-rich foods can reduce your risk of developing this type of stone. High-oxalate foods include: potato chips peanuts chocolate beets spinach However, even though some kidney stones are made of calcium, getting enough calcium in your diet can prevent stones from forming. Uric acid This type of kidney stone is more common in men than in women. They can occur in people with gout or those going through chemotherapy. This type of stone develops when urine is too acidic. A diet rich in purines can increase urine’s acidic level. Purine is a colorless substance in animal proteins, such as fish, shellfish, and meats. Struvite This type of stone is found mostly in women with urinary tract infections (UTIs). These stones can be large and cause urinary obstruction. They result from a kidney infection. Treating an underlying infection can prevent the development of struvite stones. Cystine Cystine stones are rare. They occur in both men and women who have the genetic disorder cystinuria. With this type of stone, cystine — an acid that occurs naturally in the body — leaks from the kidneys into the urine. Risk factors for kidney stones The greatest risk factor for kidney stones is making less than one liter of urine per day. This is why kidney stones are common in premature infants who have kidney problems. However, kidney stones are most likely to occur in people between the ages of 20 and 50. Different factors can increase your risk of developing a stone. Typically, Caucasians are more likely to have kidney stones than those of African descent. Sex also plays a role. More men than women develop kidney stones, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). A history of kidney stones can increase your risk. So does a family history of kidney stones. Other risk factors include: dehydration obesity a diet with high levels of protein, salt, or glucose hyperparathyroid condition gastric bypass surgery inflammatory bowel diseases that increase calcium absorption taking medications such as diuretics, antiseizure drugs, and calcium-based antacids Recognizing the symptoms and signs of a kidney stone Kidney stones are known to cause severe pain. Symptoms of kidney stones may not occur until the stone begins to move down the ureters. This severe pain is called renal colic. You may have pain on one side of your back or abdomen. In men, pain may radiate to the groin area. The pain of renal colic comes and goes, but can be intense. People with renal colic tend to be restless. Other symptoms of kidney stones can include: blood in the urine (red, pink, or brown urine) vomiting nausea discolored or foul-smelling urine chills fever frequent need to urinate urinating small amounts of urine In the case of a small kidney stone, you may not have any pain or symptoms as the stone passes through your urinary tract. Why kidney stones can be a problem Stones don’t always stay in the kidney. Sometimes they pass from the kidney into the ureters. Ureters are small and delicate, and the stones may be too large to pass smoothly down the ureter to the bladder. Passage of stones down the ureter can cause spasms and irritation of the ureters as they pass. This causes blood to appear in the urine. Sometimes stones block the flow of urine. This is called a urinary obstruction. Urinary obstructions can lead to kidney infection and kidney damage. Testing for and diagnosing kidney stones Diagnosis of kidney stones requires a complete health history assessment and a physical exam. Other tests include: blood tests for calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and electrolytes blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine to assess kidney functioning urinalysis to check for crystals, bacteria, blood, and white cells examination of passed stones to determine their type The following tests can rule out obstruction: abdominal X-rays intravenous pyelogram (IVP) retrograde pyelogram ultrasound of the kidney (the preferred study) MRI scan of the abdomen and kidneys abdominal CT scan The contrast dye used in the CT scan and the IVP can affect kidney function. However, in people with normal kidney function, this isn’t a concern. There are some medications that can increase the potential for kidney damage in conjunction with the dye. Make sure your radiologist knows about any medications you’re taking. How kidney stones are treated Treatment is tailored according to the type of stone. Urine can be strained and stones collected for evaluation. Drinking six to eight glasses of water a day increases urine flow. People who are dehydrated or have severe nausea and vomiting may need intravenous fluids. Other treatment options include: Medication Pain relief may require narcotic medications. The presence of infection requires treatment with antibiotics. Other medications include: allopurinol (Zyloprim) for uric acid stones diuretics sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate phosphorus solutions ibuprofen (Advil) acetaminophen (Tylenol) naproxen sodium (Aleve) Lithotripsy Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy uses sound waves to break up large stones so they can more easily pass down the ureters into your bladder. This procedure can be uncomfortable and may require light anesthesia. It can cause bruising on the abdomen and back and bleeding around the kidney and nearby organs. Tunnel surgery (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) Stones are removed through a small incision in your back. This procedure and may be needed when: the stone causes obstruction and infection or is damaging the kidneys the stone has grown too large to pass pain can’t be controlled Ureteroscopy When a stone is stuck in the ureter or bladder, your doctor may use an instrument called a ureteroscope to remove it. A small wire with a camera attached is inserted into the urethra and passed into the bladder. The doctor then uses a small cage to snag the stone and remove it. The stone is then sent to the laboratory for analysis. You can substitute ginger ale, lemon-lime soda, and fruit juice for water to help you increase your fluid intake. If the stones are related to low citrate levels, citrate juices could help prevent the formation of stones. Eating oxalate-rich foods in moderation and reducing your intake of salt and animal proteins can also lower your risk of kidney stones. Your doctor may prescribe medications to help prevent the formation of calcium and uric acid stones. If you’ve had a kidney stone or you’re at risk for a kidney stone, speak with your doctor and discuss the best methods of prevention. Homeopathic medicines for kidney stone are dual action remedies which are natural and safe. First, they help remove the stones present in the urinary tract either by crushing them into fine sand-like particles or in a few cases, in the intact state. Secondly, they hold the promise of completing removing the tendency towards stone formation in the future. While selecting the appropriate Homeopathic medicine for kidney stone, the side affected is considered along with the pain and associated symptoms. The colour of sand particles in urine helps to further refine the search. Although kidney stones can be safely handled with properly selected Homeopathic medicines, care should be taken when the size of the stone is very large and it gets impacted in the ureter leading to hydronephrosis that calls for surgical intervention to prevent kidney damage. Here is a list of the most effective homeopathic medicines for treating kidney stones: Argentum nit: This medicine is used when a patient experiences nephralgia due to kidney congestion or from the passage of calculi. Dull aching is experienced at the back of the bladder and the urine is dark, containing blood and deposits of renal epithelium and uric acid. Urine passes little at a time, usually in drops. The patient’s face becomes dark and dry. The urine burns during passage and the urethra feels like it is swollen. Belladonna: It is used when the kidney stones are accompanied by sharp and shooting pains. Sudden cramps and strains along the ureter during the passing of urine are likely. The patient may feel feverish and excited. Irritation, clutching and cramps are likely to occur as well. Benzoic acid: This homeopathic medicine is used in case of nephritic colic with offensive urine. The urine is deep red in color and has a strong odor. It may smell cadaverous and putrid. The urine is thick and water like clear in an alternative way. The patient usually feels better when the urine is thick and profuse. Berberis: This is another effective homeopathic medicine for kidney stones. It is used when there is shooting pain radiating from a point. The patient may be unable to move or even sit on his painful side. The pain may run up to the kidneys or down to the bladder as well. Little calculi with pin heads may develop in the pelvis. Berberis is efficient in giving relief to such pain. The patient may also experience burning and soreness in the kidney along with severe distress. The urine is dark and turbid in nature with copious sediment and urine flow becomes slow. There is an increased urge for urination

A 27 yr old female which has bilateral kidney stones as reveal in usg (each of 6 and 7mm ) she took treatment 1 year ago from a private hospital for 1 month but there is no relief now she complaining severe flank pain with burning micturation , sometime aw fever past history - she had kidney stone 4 year ago then she took treatment and relieved no history of hypertension and diabetes Thyroid function test is normal patient want no operative procedure as when possible please suggest treatment

58Y/M. CAME TO MY OPD WITH COMPLAINTS OF SEVERE LEFT SIDE LOIN PAIN WITH VOMITING, ,H/O -GASTRITIS, ,,NO FEVER, ,LM, ,NO BURNING IN URINE, ,TPR /BP --WNL, ,BELOW IS THE SCAN OF (A+P),,,SO DEAR CUROFIANS PLZZ GIVE UR OPINION REGARDING THIS, ,THANKS, ,REGARDS, ,DR RAJ PANDEY MISHRA

• Friends today I am discusing about kidney stones. Renal stones are aggregates of crystals, proteins, and glycoprotein. Mostly it consists of calcium stones with oxalates, phosphates, etc. Kidney Stone Kidney stones can stay silent in one of the corners of the kidney for years, but when it produces symptom person can get one or more of the following symptoms: Severe pain in back and side which may radiate to lower abdomen Pain during urination Dark colored urine Persistent urge to urinate Fever and chills Nausea and vomiting Causes of kidney stones: Family history of kidney stones Lack of fluids in the body Diet high in protein, salt Diabetes Obesity Disease conditions that cause urine to contain high levels of uric acid, oxalates, cystine Rubrics in Homeopathic Repertory Pain in the kidney region extending to bladder: Berb, Canth, Lyc, Sars, Solid Kidney Bladder Pain left-sided: Benz-ac, Coloc, Pareir, Thuj Pain right-sided: Apis, Lyc, Mag-p, Sars Pain during urination: Canth, Puls, Senec Pain in the kidney with nausea: Canth, Ocimum, Senec Homeopathic remedies for Kidney Stones: Medorrhinum: Renal (STONE) colic; with cold fingers; while coughing; with the craving of ice; Sarsaparilla: Passage of gravel or small calculi; RENAL colic; STONE in bladder; bloody urine. Urine: bright and clear but irritating; scanty, slimy, flaky, sandy, copious, passed without sensation; deposits white sand Nux-v: RENAL colic is caused by a STONE in the ureter, which by its irritation causes a spasmodic clutching of the circular fibers of that canal; the proper medicine relaxes these fibers and the pressure from behind forces the calculi out at once. Cantharis: Constant and intolerable urging to urinate before, during and after urination. Burning, scalding urine, with cutting, intolerable urging, and fearful tenesmus or dribbling stranguary. Urine is passed drop by drop. Intolerable urging with tenesmus. Urine scalds the passage. Jelly-like shreddy urine. Berberis vulgaris: Painful cuttings left side bladder into the urethra, comes from the left kidney (continued) along the course of the ureter. Blood-red urine, speedily becomes turbid, deposits thick, mealy, bright red sediment, slowly becoming clear, but always retaining its blood.

PT age around 60 year,,diabetic,, kidney stones,, and now suffering fm heart problems,, above angiography report, plz suggest treatment plan