Mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Ten health benefits of Black Pepper. Black pepper (scientific name: Piper nigrum) is a hot, pungent spice with a host of health benefits. In fact, it is used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine. It has an active component called piperine that gives black pepper its characteristic taste. Plus, it contains iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, chromium, vitamins A and C, and other nutrients. Black pepper usually is added to savory dishes when they are done cooking, otherwise its volatile oils tend to evaporate and diminish its flavor. Freshly ground black pepper has the most flavor. Peppercorns work well in soups, stews, marinades, and other sauces that are cooked slowly. 1. Increases Nutrient Absorption The piperine in black pepper enhances the bioavailability of various nutrients such as vitamins A and C, selenium, beta-carotene, and others, thereby improving your overall health. Bioavailability refers to the amount of a nutrient or supplement that is absorbed by the body. For example, researchers have found that it can increase the bioavailability of the compound curcumin (found in turmeric) twentyfold. Curcumin helps fight cancer, infection, and inflammation. Moreover, piperine stimulates amino acid transporters in the intestinal lining and inhibits enzymes that help metabolize nutritional compounds. It also prevents the removal of substances from cells and reduces intestinal activity, so more substances enter the body in active form and remain available for use. 2. Improves Digestion Black pepper stimulates the taste buds and increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which in turn aids proper digestion. Interestingly, most digestive problems are caused by a lack of hydrochloric acid rather than excess amounts of it. By improving digestion, black pepper relieves issues like colic, bloating, indigestion, flatulence, and constipation. It also has antibacterial qualities that help treat intestinal diseases caused by bacteria. 3. Stimulates Appetite Besides adding flavor to your food and promoting digestion, black pepper works as an appetite stimulant. Research has shown that black pepper helps improve the appetite through olfactory stimulation. This makes it an excellent, simple remedy for those with a poor appetite. An Ayurvedic remedy specifically for this purpose calls for consuming a mixture of one-half teaspoon of black pepper and one tablespoon of jaggery powder (gur). Take this remedy on a regular basis till you see improvement. 4. Facilitates Weight Loss Although it stimulates the appetite, black pepper also can help you lose weight. The outer layer of peppercorns contains phytonutrients that encourage the breakdown of fat cells. A 2010 study of the effects of piperine on the metabolism of mice revealed that it suppresses fat accumulation in the body. Also, by improving your metabolism this fat-free food can help you burn calories. In addition, being a diuretic and diaphoretic herb, it promotes urination and perspiration, which in turn help flush toxins and excess water from the body. 5. Relieves Gas Being a carminative, black pepper relieves stomach gas and also helps prevent gas formation. If you are prone to stomach gas, try spicing up your food with black pepper instead of chili powder or peppers.To cure indigestion and heaviness in your stomach, you can have a glass of buttermilk mixed with one-quarter teaspoon each of black pepper and cumin powder.You can also massage your belly with black pepper oil mixed with carrier oil (a base oil) to relieve gas pain. 6. Helps Clear Congestion Black pepper can be used to clear up a stuffy nose and congestion as it helps loosen phlegm. It also has antimicrobial properties, which is why black pepper is included in various cough and cold remedies. Simply drink a glass of lukewarm water mixed with one-half tablespoon of black pepper powder, two or three times a day to clear the respiratory system.Alternatively, you can try steam inhalation from a pot of hot water mixed with some black pepper and eucalyptus oil.Another simple remedy is to sniff a mixture of black pepper and a few drops of sesame oil. It will induce sneezing but clear your sinuses. 7. Combats Arthritis The piperine present in black pepper is highly beneficial for treating arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties. In addition, this wonderful spice improves circulation, thereby preventing or reducing joint pain caused by poor circulation. Researchers have also found that black pepper helps reduce the perception of pain and arthritic symptoms. 8. Fights Cancer and Prevents Other Diseases Black pepper has antioxidant qualities that fight cancer, particularly colon and breast cancer. A study done at St. Louis University in Missouri found that black pepper can help inhibit colon cell proliferation due to its significant anti-proliferative activity. Furthermore, its polyphenol content protects against high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. 9. Works as a Natural Antidepressant The piperine in black pepper acts as an antidepressant by increasing serotonin production. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter important for mood regulation. Low levels of serotonin are associated with depression Moreover, piperine increases beta-endorphins in the brain and promotes mental clarity. Endorphins work as natural painkillers and mood elevators. They reduce stress and promote a feeling of wellness that alleviates anxiety and melancholy. So, add black pepper in your daily meals to improve your cognitive functioning and lift your mood. 10. Treats Teeth and Gum Problems As it reduces pain and inflammation, you can use black pepper with its partner salt to reduce gum inflammation along with problems like bad breath and bleeding gums. Just mix equal amounts of both salt and pepper in a few drops of water, and massage your gums with the mixture.To alleviate a toothache, mix a pinch of black pepper powder in clove oil and apply it on the affected area.  

A old male patient came to ER with acute breathlessness cough with white sputum fever since last 10 days pt is on regular medication for COPD Pt is progressively loosing weight at present 38 kgs No previous history of koch's not a diabetic or hypertensive OE pulse 66/min BP 100/60 mmhg Afebrile RR 31 RS reduced bilateral airentry CVS PA normal CNS GCS 15/15 ECG NORMAL X RAY ENCLOSED INTERPRET FINDINGS and Management protocol in this patient

A female who is morbidly obese p/w complaints of Chromic Dry cough and poor appetite since 3 months...She also complains of Weight loss..On auscultation, she was found to have coarse crepitations in b/l lung fields (left>right)...comment on her HRCT chest

Tuberculosis or Koch's disease is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,primarily affecting the LUNGS .Very common and life threatening disease affecting the health status of the person. Some patients carry TB bacteria but DON'T EXPRESS SYMPTOMS .This is LATENT TB and can stay dormant for years before developing into Active TB.Symptoms of Established Pulmonary TB -1)productive cough 2)Poor appetite 3)Night sweats 4)Fever n weakness Symptoms of Primary Pulmonary TB-1)Dry cough 2)Night sweats 3)Fever and weakness. Symptoms of Military TB -1) Weight loss 2)poor appetite 3)Fever and weakness . Diagnosis when after confirmed particular curable measures should be taken off .Preventive measures include - (ABCDI) 1) Avoidance of smoking 2) Avoid exposure to infected people 3)Get BCG vaccination 4)Boosting your immunity 5)Balanced diet 6)Breathing fresh air and MOST IMPORTANT 7)Completing the course. 24th MARCH is regarded as WORLD'S TUBERCULOSIS DAY in the REMEMBRANCE OF Dr ROBERT KOCH'S DISCOVERY. The main THEME is TO UNITE AND END TB. This day is dedicated to TB & The main AIMS of world TB day are 1)Encouraging people to organise discussions, Programmes, conferences around steps to STOP spread of TB and to eradicate it. 2)To make these high efforts to put into end this deadly disease.3)TO MAKE PEOPLE AWARE OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TB &HOW TO CURB THE DISEASE.4)INCREASE AWARENESS ABOUT DISEASE AND VACCINES 5) TO TAKE PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND NOT TO IGNORE HEALTH ISSUES LIKE COUGH AND GET A CHECKUP. STOP TB -●Visit TB DOTS Clinic or Doctor immediately for test if you having those symptoms●Wait for the reports and Avoid coughing or sneezing near to people●IF DIAGNOSED WITH TB ,TAKE THE MEDICATIONS EVEN IF YOU FEEL BETTER (because STOPPING TREATMENT CAN CAUSE DRUG RESISTANCE ) This will help make you free of TB . Hope if all are engaged in these particular aims and activities ,surely India would be free of TB and will also help decrease the mortality rate ,which are claiming millions of life. . .

45yr old smoker wth wt loss, cough fr 5days, vitals stable.kindly giv ur expert opinion egardng frther management.