please help..A female 40 yrs age having severe knee jt pain here is mri report what should b d treatment ..is opt is necessary .
any history of trauma? rule out septic arthritis first also get esr crp ra factor done as possibility of ra presenting as mono arthritis cant be ruled out also keep possibility of enteropathic arthritis like crohns disease so history is important any history of constitutional symptoms like fever weight loss decreased appetite is important
aspiration of synovial fluid required for colour, viscosity, cell count, gm stain, culture for pain give indocap sr 75 mg bd any history of fever, dm?
a thorough history including h/of Early morning stiffness , fever, preceding diarrhoea, any other joint involvement and blood investigations including Crp Esr RF and Anticcp
Pt body weight? C-rp, Rd factor, skeletal survey, lipid profile, lft, s.ca+,s.phosphate, ESR, s.uric acid, haemogram, to rule out osteoporosis , what about menstruation? Is she menstruating or not? Then tackle bone stock , most probably it is osteoporosis osteomalacia, osteopenia, if you tackle that entity she will be happy
esr crp ra factor and synovial fluid aspiration report? history of ra may not be there hist. of tb?
please refer to a Rheumatologist... biopsy of synovium is essential.. Infections have to be ruled out..if only inflammation is there..DMARDs and steroids may be required
history of tb also important
(1.) Hb/TC/DC/ESR , CRP test, RA test, Anti-CCP test , S.Uric acid levels. (2.) X-Rays of patient. (3.) To r/o h/o Koch's -- by constitutional symptoms. (4.) Clinical signs of affected knee. Once these basics are followed , further line of management can be decided. Till then anti- inflammatory drugs for symptomatic relief.
clinical history
arthroscopic of knee joint with biopsy
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respected all & hi please dignosis & treatment but repeatedly again & again both lower limb 1 month plese help
Dr. Rohidas Nikam6 Likes54 Answers - Login to View the image
f 60 years c/o polyarticular joint pain with morning stiffness 5 years gastric burn puffiness on face first treated by medical college of nepal with diagnosis of RA w/ raised uric acid level after that pt goes to a quack and he gave her aceclofenac thiocholchicoside with methyprednisolone now again she comes with pain and joint stiffness bp 156/80 pulse 86 bpm anasarca present ROM restricted plz guide me about further treatment
Dr. Nitish Dubey1 Like12 Answers - Login to View the image
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RA is a type of inflammatory arthritis. Other examples include seronegative spondyarthritides, reactive arthritis, lyme arthritis, crystal arthritis and postviral arthritis. Features of inflammatory arthritis : ●Pain and stiffness worse in the morning and after rest. ●Early morning pain and stiffness may last several hours (in OA, duration is much shorter). ●Inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP)usually raised. ●Often accompanied by normochromic, normocytic anaemia. This is a chronic symmetrical arthritis. When we say it is symmetrical, we don’t necessarily mean a mirror image, just that the same joints are affected on both sides of the body. it is also important to remember that RA is a systemic condition, with many extra-articular manifestations. This is a chronic symmetrical arthritis. When we say it is symmetrical, we don’t necessarily mean a mirror image, just that the same joints are affected on both sides of the body. it is also important to remember that RA is a systemic condition, with many extra-articular manifestations. Typically it affects the peripheral joints, and there is inflammation of the joint (synovitis). Deformity is common and the course is extremely variable. Epidemiology and Aetiology : ●Affects 0.5-3% of the population worldwide. ●Can present at any age (from childhood to old age), but the peak incidence is between 30-50 years. ●women affected more than men (M:F – 1:2). ■before the menopause, risk is 3x higher for women . ■after the menopause it is equal. ■suggests sex hormones involved in some way. ■the contraceptive pill can delay the onset, but does not reduce the risk. ●Genetic factors are involved. Certain HLA variants are implicated, especially in severe forms of the disease:. ●HLA-DR4 – occurs in 50-75% of patients, and is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. ●HLA-DR1 is another variant associated with RA, and poor prognosis. ●Environmental factors: ¤Smoking ¤Stress ¤Infection Clinical features : Most commonly, the condition will present as progressive over weeks to months. These patients have the worse prognosis. But in some cases it can come on in days, or even overnight. Also, it is almost always a polyarthritis, but some cases do present as monoarthritis, most commonly of the knee or shoulder, or with carpal tunnel syndrome. ●symmetrical swollen distal joints. ●Often warm and tender joints. ●sometimes presents as a sudden onset of widespread arthritis, but this is rare. ●Typically the joint of the hand (MCP, DIP and PIP’s)and the distal metatarsals of the foot. ●Sometimes it affects the wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees and ankles. ●Hips are very rarely affected. ●Limitation of movement. ●Muscle wasting. ●Pain and stiffness – worse in the morning, may improve with activity. It is often described as an ache type pain. ●Disturbed sleep. ●Nodules – in the early and mild stages of the disease, there are relatively few inflammatory cells in the joints. As the disease progresses, these increase in number and there may be nodular masses of inflammatory cells within the joint. Rheumatoid nodules occur when these inflammatory cells form similar inflammatory structures outside of the joint capsules. The nodules are usually pink/red and have a rubbery texture. They are painless. You should always check the elbows in a hand exam, looking for rheumatoid nodules!. ●Osteoporosis – often occurs in the bones immediately around the affected joints, particularly in the fingers. This may be the first sign of RA. ●Secondary Osteoarthritis. ●Deformity – as the joint capsule is destroyed, and the articular surface damaged, deformity occurs. Specific examples include ●Hands ¤Swan necking – the fingers become hyperextended at the PIP, and flexed at the DIP. ¤Z-thumb. ¤Subluxation of the MCP –not that this is not swelling!. ¤Muscle wasting – “guttering” – ‘gutters’ seen between the extensor tendons on the back of the hand. ●Why do the muscles waste so quickly in joint disease? – In a normal individual, if you don’t use a muscle, it will waste at a rate of about 1% of its mass/day. However, in joint disease, the rate of wasting in much greater. This is because in joint disease, there is inhibition of nerve afferents, for nerves that innervate the muscles around a joint. This alters the muscle tone/reflex feedback loop, leading to decreased innervation of the muscle, and as a result, wasting occurs very quickly. ●Inflamed flexor tendon sheaths – these serious impair function. ●Carpal tunnel syndrome is common. ●Ulnar deviation – the fingers point towards the ulnar side. ●Fixed flexion deformity – aka buttonhole or boutonniere deformity. ●Shoulders – Shoulders are commonly affected, and at first it may mimic rotator cuff tendonitis. Later, the joint becomes stiffened. Rotator cuff tears can occur late on. ●Elbows – less commonly affected. Flexion may be lost, which makes eating very difficult. ●Knees – massive synovitis and effusion. These respond well to steroid injection and aspiration. A persistent effusion may increase the risk of cyst formation, and these can rupture. Varus or valgus deformity can occur, and there may be joint space narrowing and secondary OA.Knee replacement can restore much of the function, and relieve pain. ●Cervical spine – pain in the neck is more commonly muscular, but you can get joint disease itself in the cervical spine. There can be bone destruction, which poses a risk to the spinal cord.Be wary loss of sphincter control, or unexplained weakness in late RA – could be due to cord compression!. ●Feet – often the first signs of the disease may only be in the feet. The patient may describe an uncomfortable sensation that feels like walking on marbles. This is due to subluxation of the heads of the metatarsals in the feet. Presentations : ■Palindromic – monoarticular attacks, last 24-48 hours. 50% of cases will progress to other types of RA. ■Transient – lasts <12 months, then permanently remits. Usually seronegative. No lasting damage. ■Remitting – may be active for several years at a time, before remitting. Lasting damage is minimal. ■Chronic, persistent – the most common form. May be seronegative or seropositive. Follows a relapsing remitting course over many years. Seropositive patients have worse joint disease and higher risk of long-term disability. ■Rapidly progressive – rapid progression occurs over several years. Severe joint damage, disability and high rate of complications. Normal initial investigations : ■Blood count: ●Anaemia. ●ESR/CRP raised due to inflammation. Monitoring levels of these can be used to assess treatment . ■Serology – check for rheumatoid factor – only present in 70% of cases. ¤ANA’s – anti-nuclear antibodies – these are also regularly tested for, and show up in 30% of cases. ¤Anti-CCP – testing for this is becoming more common. ■X-ray – useful to get a baseline reading at the start of the disease. Normally only soft tissue swellings initially. Later there may be:¤Boney erosions. ¤Osteopenia (lower than normal bone density). ■Joint aspiration – in the presence of effusion. Aspirate will appear cloudy due to the presence of white cells. If the joint is suddenly painful, always aspirate to check for septic arthritis, as this can rapidly destroy joints. ■MRI – very rarely used, but can show early bone erosions. Also used in widespread disease to assess the extent of the joint damage.
Dr. Girish Dahake11 Likes9 Answers - Login to View the image
19 yr old female pt. comes with evening time severe nausea for 20 day then it get relieved itself after 20 days..pt also gives history of cough and fever for 7 days ..pt also gives history of pain abdomen at different locations mild in intensity..pt also gives history of weight loss...no history of blood in stools or malena ...on examination pallor is present ..abdomen examination is normal.. on USG inflammed terminal ileum is seen ..report is enclosed within
Adeel Kazmi1 Like23 Answers - Login to View the image
F.70. Pain right knee and unable to flex. H/O Surgery Rt. knee 12 years back.
Dr. Syam Sundar Patro5 Likes21 Answers
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