Otitis media
Ear infections are the most common reason parents bring their child to a doctor. Three out of four children will have at least one ear infection by their third birthday. Adults can also get ear infections, but they are less common.The infection usually affects the middle ear and is called otitis media. The tubes inside the ears become clogged with fluid and mucus. This can affect hearing, because sound cannot get through all that fluid.If your child isn't old enough to say "My ear hurts," here are a few things to look forTugging at earsCrying more than usualFluid draining from the earTrouble sleepingBalance difficultiesHearing problemsYour health care provider will diagnose an ear infection by looking inside the ear with an instrument called an otoscope.Often, ear infections go away on their own. Your health care provider may recommend pain relievers. Severe infections and infections in young babies may require antibiotics. Children who get infections often may need surgery to place small tubes inside their ears. The tubes relieve pressure in the ears so that the child can hear again.NIH: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Disease Alternative Name
Dr KUTE HOSPITAL
Dr KUTE HOSPITAL
Govt. Medical College Miraj
D M &S
Siddhivinayak Clinic
Lceh Gp
National Institute of Medical Science
Md Paediatrics
National Institute of Medical Science
MD pediatrics
PHC Bichpuri and ESI Dispensary Chippitola Agra & SN Medical College Agra & Fatehgarh
Medical Officer Incharge
SN Medical College, Agra
DA
BMC HOSPITALS
MEDICAL OFFICER I/C.
College of General Practice
c gp.
Distt. Red Cross Society Bhawan
Honorary Medical Officer
SPMC, Bikaner
MBBS
New Phc
Ayush Pharmashist
Kanpur Para Medical Institute
d.pharma
Private Practise
Md
Max 7 Hospital
Consultant Child Specialist
MBBS DCH
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Last week was back-to-back five bilobed bipaddled PMMC flaps for full-thickness buccal mucosa defects. It made me reflect— In India, where many patients present late with advanced head and neck cancers, and where microvascular expertise or resources may be limited, this flap becomes more than a salvage,It becomes a purposeful craft, especially when where risk, and resources are in short supply. Success in reconstruction lies less in patient factors, and more in the surgeon’s design and execution. Every wound dehiscence, infection, or flap failure often reflects a planning flaw rather than patient factors. The Bilobed PMMC Flap Is More Than a Procedure.It’s a mastery of balance between form and function & between art and science As surgical oncologists, we must reconstruct with the same precision we resect. Both are part of the same journey,and in that journey, mindful reconstruction is where true surgical wisdom lies. Here are my 2 cents for how to plan for Bilobed PMMC Flap ✅ Flap Design • Center on the Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) • Inner paddle → inferolateral, for mucosal lining • Outer paddle → medial, for skin cover • Lateral “C” design allows a large harvest with primary closure ✅ Paddle Orientation • Taper both ends to prevent dog-ears • Leave 1 cm between paddles for de-epithelialization & tension-free folding ✅ Safe Flap Limits • Do not extend >2 cm beyond the pectoralis major borders to preserve viability ✅ Pedicle Handling • Avoid spiraling of the pedicle • If NAC is included, anticipate nipple positioning in inner paddle or mark inner paddle ✅ Commissure Reconstruction • Prioritize primary closure • Use flap bulk to maintain commissure symmetry and prevent deviation ✅ Nerve Division • Always divide the lateral pectoral nerve to prevent post-op compression Suggestions are welcome for insightful discussion regarding same .
Dr. Bhavin Vadodariya0 Like0 Answer