Dyspnea It is normal with all of us when we exert excessively.. But Dyspnea that is greater than expected with the degree of exertion... is a symptom of disease. Most cases of dyspnea result from asthma, heart failure and myocardial ischemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, or psychogenic disorders.. Below mentioned are the pathological causes of Dyspnea by Organ System…. CARDIO-VASCULAR…     Pulmonary edema Acute valvular disease Myocardial infarction Cardiac tamponade    Heart failure Angina Constrictive pericarditis RESPIRATORY… Acute exacerbations or persistent chronic asthma Acute exacerbation or persistent chronic obstructive lung disease Pulmonary embolism Pneumothorax Pneumonia ARDS Anaphylaxis    COPD Asthma Interstitial lung diseases Pulmonary hypertension Malignancy (tumor related obstructive lesions and lymphangitic spread) Pleural effusions Sleep apnea Foreign body aspiration GASTROINTESTINAL/HEPATIC Acute liver failure and its consequences Abdominal distention of various causes Ascites Portopulmonary hypertension Hepatopulmonary syndrome RENAL CAUSE Acute or chronic renal failure and its consequences HEMATOLOGICAL… Hemorrhage    Anemia NEUROMUSCULAR     High cervical cord lesions Trauma to phrenic nerves    Central apneas Myasthenia gravis Myopathies Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ENT cause Vocal Cord Dysfunction Laryngeo-tracheal obstruction PSYCHOGENIC  BREATHLESSNESS I hope this list of causes will be HELPFUL to diagnose the aetiology of DYSPNEA…

A 65 years old female admitted to the ICU with Urosepsis. Past history of anemia and Interstitial Lung Disease. Please describe is there are any pathological changes in the nails ?

90M K/c/o COPD, HTN, Old CVA presented with breathlessness, productive cough since 4days. H/o fever+. COMMENT ON CXR

42 yrs old male pt admitted with complaints of breathlessness and anasarca. .. 1. ecg findings? 2. differential diagnosis?

pt. 38.f c/o Dyspnea on exertion, cough with sputum, fatigue plz comments..