formation, circulation and absorbtion of endolymph and perilymph in inner ear
The perilymph, which fills the space within the bony labyrinth surrounding the membranous labyrinth, is similar, but not identical, in composition to other extracellular fluids of the body, such as cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration of sodium ions in the perilymph is high (about 150 milliequivalents per litre), and that of potassium ions is low (about 5 milliequivalents per litre), as is true of other extracellular fluids. Like these fluids, the perilymph is apparently formed locally from the blood plasma by transport mechanisms that selectively allow substances to cross the walls of the capillaries. Although it is anatomically possible for cerebrospinal fluid to enter the cochlea by way of the perilymphatic duct, experimental studies have made it appear unlikely that the cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the normal production of perilymph.
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25 yr primi 4 months of amenorrhoea has come with generalised weakness ,continuous sweating, continuous nausea and vomiting for past 3 months (on and off).No Fever,chills and rigor.burning micturation and lower abd vage pain.weight has been drastically reduced from 55 kg to 45 kg for past 3 months. Bp-100/60mmhg ,PR- NORMAL. Kindly suggest what treatment and other investigations can be done for this patient.
Dr. Gokul Raj3 Likes18 Answers - Login to View the image
76yr old female diagnosed Interstitial lung disease.... Presented with fever breathlessness to casualty After careful examination Culture showed kleibshella ...pneumonia... Later patient was put on antibiotic according to culture report..... No improvent seen Patient still had wheeze and breathlessness and fever Changed the antibiotic to meropenam and colistin Still no improvement is seen Today ct showed image 1 Cavitation???? Fungal ball??? Aspergillosis?? But previous ct and X-rays in 2016 showed cavity too.... Patient is kept on ntg as Bp is 180/100 in titration dose 3ltrs of oxygen.... without tat patient not able to maintain saturation Ecg showed some irregular rhythm was taken advice from cardiologist and put on calaptin tablet 40.... Please suggest further suggestion n opinion
Dr. Vinayak Hiremath6 Likes20 Answers - Login to View the image
25 years female pain and itching unable to walk black scabs and oozing lesions since .10 years. history of pulmonary TB Dx and Rx?
Dr. P.kishore Kumar3 Likes17 Answers - Login to View the image
Vitiligo ? 13 yo boy with 1 year history of white circular spot like areas on the chest, stomach and arms. No itch. No flaking. Vitiligo in family on mothers side. Tried anti-fungus shampoo and cortisone+anti-fungal ointment without success before coming to us. Is this a classic case of Vitiligo?
Dr. Yugal Sachdev2 Likes18 Answers - Login to View the image
61 yr old Patient came to hospital with complaints of sudden onset dyspnoea since 1hr, he is known case of RHD,MVP,moderate MR,trivial AR,DM, HTN. O/e he is having basal crepts, Bp 180/100,HR 120 spo2 84% without o2. What's ur daignosis and line of management ...
Dr. Srivatsa Naga Chandan6 Likes19 Answers